Analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Abstract

To investigate the risk factors for and the prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in decompensated cirrhotic patients. A total of 126 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and with (n =60) or without (n =66, control group) AKI were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Follow-up was carried out on all patients, with durations ranging from less than 1 year to up to 4 years. Blood biochemistry, liver and renal functional parameters and prognosis of these patients were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate possible risk factors for decompensated cirrhotic patients developing AKI. The patients with AKI had a significantly lower survival rate than the patients without AKI (55.0% vs.83.3%, x2 =13.270, p =0.001). Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis identified risk factors of AKI development in decompensated cirrhotic patients as increased serum creatinine (odds ratio (OR):1034), increased total bilirubin (OR:1.005), increased international normalized ratio (INR; OR:2.471), decreased plasma sodium concentration (OR:0.910), decreased serum cholinesterase (OR:0.999), and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR; OR:0.972) (all P less than 0.05). The development of acute kidney injury represents an adverse prognosis in decompensated cirrhotic patients. An increase in serum creatinine, total bilirubin or INR or a decrease in plasma sodium concentration, serum cholinesterase or GFR may be early-warning factors of development of AKI in decompensated cirrhotic patients.