Analysis of risk factors and bacterial drug resistance in severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia

Abstract

Objective To explore the risk factors of severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia, and antimicrobial drug resistance among these isolates. It may help to prevent and control the disease and promote to rational use of antibiotics. Methods We conducted the case-control study in our PICU. It included 89 patients with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia as case group and 68 patients with severe pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumonia as control group during the same period. To compare the two groups on irrationality use of antibiotics (especial for third generation cephalosporin), length of stay, tracheal cannula, time of mechanical ventilation and underlying conditions (malnutrition, congenital heart disease, heredity and metabolic disease). Antimicrobial susceptibilities among 89 multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were analyzed. Results There were 63 cases (70.79%) for irrationality use antibiotics in case group, while there were 27 cases (39.70%) in control group (P<0.01). The cases for length of stay over 7 days in case group (48 cases, 53.93%) were more than those cases with the same situation in control group (12 cases, 17.65%) (P<0.01). Thirty-eight cases (42.69%) needed mechanical ventilation therapy in case group, while 16 cases (23.53%) needed mechanical ventilation therapy in control group (P<0.01). The cases for duration of mechanical ventilation over 5 days in case group (18 cases, 20.22%) were more than those cases in control group (5 cases, 7.35%) (P<0.05). The cases with underlying disease in case group (13 cases, 14.61%) were more than those cases in control group (2 cases, 2.94%) (P<0.05). Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates demonstrated that high-level resistance for penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones, but still susceptible to carbapenems. Conclusion Several risk factors are associated with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia, including irrational use of antibiotics (especial for third generation cephalosporin), long term of length of stay, endotracheal intubation, long term of mechanical ventilation, and having underlying disease (malnutrition, congenital heart disease, heredity and metabolic disease). Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates demonstrated that high-level resistance for penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones, but still susceptible to Carbapenems. Carbapenems should be used as first-line drugs for severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. Key words: Klebsiella pneumonia; Severe pneumonia; Risk factor