Analysis of RF energy harvesting assisted RF/FSO system with SSK modulation in smart city

Abstract

In this paper, the performance of smart city network infrastructure is studied using space shift keying (SSK) modulation and radio-frequency (RF) based energy harvesting with cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying. Here, the Wireless-enabled sites can communicate data to the control unit via the access point (AP). The sites function by utilizing an energy-saving mechanism, which leads to a notable improvement in spectral efficiency. The Markov chain considers the number of active sites in the network dynamically. Moreover, energy harvesting-assisted AP helps overcome the rising demands of the city by providing an enhanced data rate, low latency, shorter coverage, widespread connectivity of the massive number of sites, and energy efficiency. The channel between sites to the AP is Nakagami-m distributed, whereas the AP is connected with the control unit through the free space optical (FSO) link. The FSO link is modelled with Gamma–Gamma distribution with pointing error impairments. The mathematical equations for average bit error probability (ABEP) are obtained for smart cities by considering mixed channels and utilizing the multi-user selection combination. The Monte Carlo simulation technique verifies the accuracy of the numerical results. According to the findings, using SSK modulation in combination with energy harvesting strategies can enhance the effectiveness of smart cities.