Abstract
Relevant food notifications published under the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2000-2020 were selected and analyzed to determine their overall formula. Fraud/counterfeiting was categorized according to the type of fraud, its location in the food production chain, the reporting country, and the origin of the food. "Adulteration" was the most common type of fraud in the beef industry; it accounted for 70% of all documented reports. According to the classification of supply chain messages, 59% of all cases were attributed to secondary processing, of which 83% were cases of "adulteration". The most common counterfeiting practices included products manufactured/packaged in non-approved areas, without appropriate control or documentation, products with fraudulent health certificates, and substitution of meat types or the addition of veterinary medicines.
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