Abstract

This paper focuses on an energy economic analysis of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), specifically driving long distances and thus requiring a means of range extension. Under investigation are three range extension technologies: fast charging, battery switching and driving with an on-board micro internal combustion engine. Simulations of renewable power plant portfolios in 27 European countries show that BEVs with battery switch technology are responsible for the least amount of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions, have the lowest primary energy generation costs and integrate renewable energy feed-in most efficiently in comparison to the other two alternatives.

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