Abstract
Scent is one of the most important economic traits in Freesia hybrida. “Shiny Gold”, a popular cultivar in South Korea, is widely cultivated for its scent. The relative scent intensity of “Shiny Gold” was approximately 16% higher in full-bloomed flower when compared to the yellow bud stage, while tissue-specifically, tepals showed higher intensity in electronic-nose (e-nose) analysis. E-nose analysis also showed that the scent intensity of “Shiny Gold” was higher and lower than “10C3-424” and “10C3-894”, respectively, and was similar to “Yvonne”. These results correlated to those of the olfactory tests. In total, 19 volatile compounds, including linalool, β-ocimene, D-limonene, trans-β-ionone were detected in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Among these, linalool was the major volatile compound, accounting for 38.7% in “Shiny Gold”. Linalool synthase and TPS gene expression corresponded to the scent intensity of the four cultivars, with the lowest expression in the “10C3-424”. TPS 2, TPS 3, TPS 5, TPS 6 and TPS 8 were highly expressed in both bud and flower in “Shiny Gold”, while the expression of TPS 4 was lower, relative to other TPS genes in both the flowering stages. These results may aid in enhancing scent composition in Freesia cultivars using marker-assisted selection.
Highlights
Freesia hybrida originated in southern Africa, belongs to the family of Iridaceae and is widely cultivated across the world
It triggers a sense of happiness and comfort in humans [4], which has led to increased interest in floral scent research
The results showed that the floral scent of ‘10C3-894’ was evaluated as very strong followed by
Summary
Freesia hybrida originated in southern Africa, belongs to the family of Iridaceae and is widely cultivated across the world. It is majorly grown for cut flower and potted plant production. Cultivation of Freesia has increased as they can thrive even at low temperatures of about 8–23 ◦ C during winter, which reduces greenhouse production expenses by lowering heating costs. They have attractive flowers with diverse colors, flower shape and is known for its sweet scent. The floral scent of Freesia helps in attracting pollinators and functions as a defense mechanism against microorganisms [1,2,3].
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