Abstract
In recent times, Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization has become one of the most promising techniques for indoor localization. The primary aim of RSS is to check the quality of the signal to determine the coverage and the quality of service. Therefore, fine-resolution RSS is needed, which is generally expressed by 1-dBm granularity. However, we found that, for fingerprinting localization, fine-granular RSS is unnecessary. A coarse-granular RSS can yield the same positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose quantization for only the effective portion of the signal strength for fingerprinting localization. We found that, if a quantized RSS fingerprint can carry the major characteristics of a radio environment, it is sufficient for localization. Five publicly open fingerprinting databases with four different quantization strategies were used to evaluate the study. The proposed method can help to simplify the hardware configuration, enhance security, and save approximately 40–60% storage space and data traffic.
Highlights
IntroductionIntroduction and MotivationPositioning is an important part of our daily life. Essential services, e.g., navigation, health care, personnel management, and emergency rescue, require localization information to work effectively.The predominant localization technology (e.g., GPS and Galileo) using satellite signals has solved most of the outdoor positioning-related problems
Introduction and MotivationPositioning is an important part of our daily life
To keep similarity with previous works, k = 1 was used in UJIIndoorLoc, Tampere University of Technology (TUT), and Mannheim; and k = 3 was used in Minho and Library
Summary
Introduction and MotivationPositioning is an important part of our daily life. Essential services, e.g., navigation, health care, personnel management, and emergency rescue, require localization information to work effectively.The predominant localization technology (e.g., GPS and Galileo) using satellite signals has solved most of the outdoor positioning-related problems. E.g., navigation, health care, personnel management, and emergency rescue, require localization information to work effectively. The satellite-based positioning in indoor is severely degraded due to the blockage of the satellite signals by the obstacles. Alternative indoor localization technologies have been recently developed using optic [1], ultra-sound [2], dead reckoning [3], ultra-wideband [4], RFID [5], visible Light [6], and Bluetooth technology [7]. Most of them are based on communications technologies and require the deployment of additional hardware components in the environment to work effectively. Dead reckoning is only able to provide relative positioning (displacement from the origin) and needs a secondary technology to support absolute positioning and reduce the error drift. Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization has become a very promising and competitive technical solution for indoor positioning systems for its cost-effective high precision performance [8] for either smartphone [9,10] or autonomous vehicle [11,12] applications
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