Abstract
Some species of fish use "ram ventilation" to pass water over the gills while swimming. Hydrodynamic analysis provides estimates of the pressure losses as the water passes through the gill spaces, and of the resistance force that must be overcome by the swimming muscles. For a 44-cm skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), swimming at its basal speed of 66 cm/sec, the gill resistance is estimated to be 1090 dynes or 7% of the total swimming resistance. If oxygen consumption doubles, gill resistance increases to 27% of the total. The energetic cost of respiration lies between 1 and 3% of the total metabolism at basal swimming speed.
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