Abstract
This chapter describes analytical aspects of determination of radionuclides in environmental samples. In particular new radiochemical techniques, such as alpha, beta, and gamma spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, and radiometric methods based on ionizing detectors, are presented. Analytical procedures for measurement of both natural (40K, 210Po, 210Pb, 222Rn, 226Ra, 234U, 235U, 238U) and anthropogenic (55Fe, 60Co, 63Ni, 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu) radionuclides in different environmental samples (air, water, mineral, biological) are described in detail. For each presented method, we describe how to estimate measurement by calculating recovery, limit of detection, uncertainty, minimal detectable activity, precision, and accuracy.
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