Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors for crop productivity. The yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is severely limited by phosphorus deficiency. An attempt has been made in this study to identify P deficiency responsive differentially expressed proteins of rice through analysis of leaf proteome of contrasting P-responsive rice cultivars under P deficiency conditions because genetic variability has been found in the rice cultivars for adaptive response to P deficiency and a controlled regulatory system is involved in the P deficiency adaptation response. Phosphorus-efficient (cv. Panvel) and P-inefficient (cv. Nagina 22) rice cultivars were hydroponically grown in the nutrient medium under control environmental conditions at low-P level (2.0 µM) and optimum-P level (320 µM) treatments. Expression patterns of the proteins of the leaves of both the cultivars were analyzed in 30-day-old plants. The identification of these proteins through mass spectrometry and MASCOT software (Matrix Science Inc., Boston, USA) revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were homologous to known functional proteins involved in energy metabolism, biosynthesis, photosynthesis, signaling, protein synthesis, protein folding, phospholipid metabolism, oxidative stress, transcription factors, and phosphorus metabolism. It has been observed that rice cultivars responded differently to low-P treatment through modification in protein expressions pattern to maintain the growth of the plants. Therefore, the expression patterns of proteins were different in both of the cultivars under low-P treatment. Higher potential of protein stability, stress tolerance, osmo-protection, and regulation of phosphorus uptake was observed in cv. Panvel than cv. Nagina 22. This study could help to unravel the complex regulatory process that is involved in adaptation to P deficiency in rice.
Highlights
The food crisis in developing countries is due to a decrease in crop productivity, on the one hand, and increased the global human population, on the other side [1]
All of the traits were significantly decreased under low P treatment, except root length, which significantly increased under low-P treatment in both of the cultivars as compared with the optimum-P treatment (Table 1)
Panvel under the low-P treatment (Table 2). These results suggested that P-deficiency resulted in major changes in the leaf proteome of rice
Summary
The food crisis in developing countries is due to a decrease in crop productivity, on the one hand, and increased the global human population, on the other side [1]. It is one of the major limiting factors that influence crop production. Phosphorus fertilizers are applied in the agricultural field in order to overcome this deficiency and maintain crop production. The phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of crop plants is only 10–20% [3]. This low PUE has increased the global demand of P fertilizers that reached 47 million tonnes [4] and created severe environmental problems. Like eutrophication, because of unutilized P in the agricultural field.
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