Abstract
Reliable and optimal exploitation of rapidly developing airborne imaging methods requires geometric and radiometric quality assurance of production systems in operational conditions. Permanent test sites are the most promising approach for cost-efficient performance assessment. Optimal construction of permanent radiometric test sites for high resolution airborne imaging systems is an unresolved issue. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of commercially available gravels and painted and unpainted concrete targets for permanent, open-air radiometric test sites under sub-optimal climate conditions in Southern Finland. The reflectance spectrum and reflectance anisotropy and their stability were characterized during the summer of 2009. The management of reflectance anisotropy and stability were shown to be the key issues for better than 5% reflectance accuracy.
Highlights
A modern information society needs reliable and up-to-date data on the environment
We mostly evaluated the anisotropy of the principal plane in the nadir direction, in FOV of typical photogrammetric imaging sensors (±30°) and in FOV of special multi-angular imaging systems (±60°)
On the left section in the figures, the 3D plots depict the anisotropy of bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) on the green band (550 ± 25 nm), i.e., the plots show the reflectance as a function of observation direction; x-axis is the observer zenith angle at the solar principal plane; y-axis is the observer zenith angle at the plane perpendicular to the solar principal plane; z-axis is the BRF; a left-right symmetry is assumed
Summary
A modern information society needs reliable and up-to-date data on the environment. Exemplary applications include various monitoring and controlling processes of public authorities, societalRemote Sens. 2010, 2 decision-making by individual citizens, accurate measurements required to assess climate change or understand the Earth System, and the increasing sector of location-based, personal mobile applications.Geometrically and radiometrically accurate and reliable remote sensing data, ranging from global to local levels, are the basis of these applications. Exemplary applications include various monitoring and controlling processes of public authorities, societal. 2010, 2 decision-making by individual citizens, accurate measurements required to assess climate change or understand the Earth System, and the increasing sector of location-based, personal mobile applications. And radiometrically accurate and reliable remote sensing data, ranging from global to local levels, are the basis of these applications. The principal components of accurate data are high-quality instruments and processing methods, and comprehensive testing and calibration in the laboratory. Radiometric and geometric quality assurance of production systems in operational (vicarious) conditions, covering calibration, validation and characterization processes are all required to enable the most optimal and reliable utilization of the remote sensing data [1,2]. Widely accepted quality assurance methods of airborne systems are missing
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