Abstract
Growing concern about circular bioeconomy and sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the valorization of food waste has raised public awareness since 2015. Therefore, the present study focused on the promotion policies and regulatory measures for the valorization of mandatory recyclable food waste from industrial sources in Taiwan, including the animal/plant production farms and food-processing plants. According to the official data on the annual statistics during the period of 2015–2019, it showed that the food waste from alcoholic beverage manufacturers (i.e., lees, dregs, or alcohol mash) and oyster farms (i.e., waste oyster shell) accounted for about half (about 250,000 metric ton) of industrial food waste generation in Taiwan. In order to effectively reduce the burdens on incinerators/landfills and their environmental impacts, the central governing agencies jointly promulgated some regulatory measures for promoting the production of biobased products from the industrial food waste valorization like animal feed, soil fertilizer, and bioenergy. These relevant acts include the Waste Management Act, the Fertilizer Management Act, the Feed Management Act, and the Renewable Energy Development Act. In addition, an official plan for building the food waste bioenergy plants at local governments via anaerobic digestion process, which was estimated to be completed by 2024, was addressed as a case study to discuss their environmental and economic benefits.
Highlights
Growing concern about circular bioeconomy, hunger, resource conservation, and sustainable development associated with food loss and waste (FLW) has raised public awareness in recent years [1,2]
With t he changes in diet habits and the improvement of living standards, many food waste has been generated from residential, commercial, and institutional sources, such as retails, wholesales, restaurants, hospitals, schools, and hotels, as well as from industrial sources like food processing plants, animal-breeding farms, crop/vegetable/fruit farms, and employee lunchrooms [3,4]
The environmental concern could be derived from their compositions, which may cause negative effects on the environment if they are illegally disposed of in dumping sites or fields [5]. These food discards may be rich in the moisture and nutrient compositions, causing wastewater discharge with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and/or chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Summary
Growing concern about circular bioeconomy, hunger, resource conservation, and sustainable development associated with food loss and waste (FLW) has raised public awareness in recent years [1,2]. With t he changes in diet habits and the improvement of living standards, many food waste has been generated from residential, commercial, and institutional sources, such as retails, wholesales, restaurants, hospitals, schools, and hotels, as well as from industrial sources like food processing plants, animal-breeding farms, crop/vegetable/fruit farms, and employee lunchrooms [3,4]. These food discards may be rich in the moisture and nutrient compositions, causing wastewater discharge with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and/or chemical oxygen demand (COD)
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