Analysis of proinflammatory cytokines as biocompatibility markers of emdogain (98.21)

Abstract

Abstract Emdogain are enamel matrix proteins (amelogenins) that are taken from developing teeth in pigs. It is indicated for the treatment of intra-bony defects due to moderate or severe periodontitis, as well as the surgical treatment of gum recessions. However, its physiological effects are not completely characterized. This work analyzes the effects of emdogain on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mineralization factors. Monocytes, isolated from peripheral blood, were incubated with different concentrations of emdogain for 2 days. Immunocytochemical methods were used to detect IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Fibroblasts, isolated from gingival tissue, were incubated with different concentrations of emdogain for 7 days. Immunocytochemical methods were used to detect osteopontin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, and ameloblastin. Morphometrical analysis showed significant increased production of osteopontin (p<0.01), osteoprotegerin (p<0.05) and osteonectin (p<0.05). Ameloblastin production was similar to controls. Of the proinflammatory cytokines only IL-12 (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.05) were produced in considerable amounts. Production of IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was similar to controls. Emdogain has a good biocompatibility, because it only increases the production of pleiotropic cytokines. Besides, it stimulates the production of factors of mineralization like osteopontin, osteoprotegerin and osteonectin.