Abstract
PurposeBesides conventional kidney diseases diagnostics, micro RNAs (miRNAs) assessment in urine and serum is considered to be a promising non-invasive method of diagnostics of renal parenchymal diseases and valuable therapeutic target also. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of several miRNAs as a markers of kidney damage.MethodsAssessment of 45 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients stage 1–4 and 17 healthy control. Sample of urine and blood was taken from each participant for molecular analysis using Real Time PCR method to identify such micro-RNAs as: hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-214-3p, hsa-miR-200a-5p, hsa-miR-29a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, and hsa-miR-196a-5p. Basic biochemical test was done. Analysis was performed in CKD patients group and subgroup with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) confirmed by kidney biopsy. Moreover, analysis was performed in subgroup with different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (according to CKD–EPI equation: eGFR < 60 ml/min, eGFR > 60 ml/min) and different daily protein excretion (DPE): (DPE < 3.5 g; DPE > 3.5 g).ResultsIncreased relative expression of hsa-miR-29-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-196a-5p and decreased expression of hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-214-5p, hsa-miR-200a-5p, and hsa-miR-93-5p was demonstrated in urine of analyzed CKD patients. In subpopulation of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients, there was higher level of expression in urine of hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR 214-3p, hsa-miR-93-5p, and hsa-miR-196a-5p in CGN with DPE < 3.5 g. CGN patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min showed higher expression level of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-214-3p, hsa-miR-29-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, and hsa-miR-196-5p in urine. There was increase in hsa-miR 155-5p, hsa-miR-214-3p, and hsa-miR-200a-5p serum expression level in CKD population and reduction of hsa-miR-29a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-93-5p expression. Increased level of expression of hsa-miR-155-5p; hsa-miR-214-3p, hsa-miR-200a-5p, and hsa-miR-29-5p was found in CGN patients with eGFR > 60 ml/min.ConclusionIncreased relative expression of profibrogenic miRNAs in urine or serum of CKD patients with eGFR > 60 ml/min and DPE < 3.5 g may indicate higher degree of fibrosis at early CKD stages.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 11% of adults worldwide and it seems to be an increasing health problem both in Western countries and low-income countriesExtended author information available on the last page of the article [1, 2]
There was an increase of the relative expression level of three micro RNAs (miRNAs) molecules: hsa-miR-29-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-196a-5p in urine of CKD patients
The miRNAs are playing important role in kidney physiology and pathology. Their role was proved in maintaining renal control over sodium and potassium handling and there is increasing evidence of their role in renal fibrosis
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 11% of adults worldwide and it seems to be an increasing health problem both in Western countries and low-income countriesExtended author information available on the last page of the article [1, 2]. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 11% of adults worldwide and it seems to be an increasing health problem both in Western countries and low-income countries. Hypertension, primary glomerulonephritis are three leading causes of CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Irrespective of primary origin of renal damage the final common pathway is tubulointerstitial fibrosis which determine final outcome. Tubulointerstitial damage is initiated at early stages of CKD and it is a complex of pathological processes characterized by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, neoangiogenesis and fibrosis [3, 4]. Chemokines such as TGF-β, MCP-1, RANTES, PDGF, Ang II and others are involved.
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