Analysis of power flow control strategies in heterogeneous battery energy storage systems

Abstract

• A method for the systematic analysis of several power flow control strategies in a heterogeneous battery energy storage system is provided. • A comparison of five power flow control strategies in heterogeneous battery energy storage systems based on two distinct application-oriented scenarios is carried out. • Power flow control strategies are assessed by two target indicators, namely performance and efficiency. • A simulation model is set up and components are validated with measurements. • Performance and efficiency can be enhanced by using the appropriate power flow control strategy with respect to the individual scenario. This paper provides a method for the systematic analysis of several power flow control strategies (PFCS) in a heterogeneous multiple battery energy storage system (BESS). Due to the difficulty of comparing different PFCS in different scenarios and system configurations, in total five static and dynamic PFCS are investigated in two distinct application-oriented scenarios and are assessed by two target indicators, namely performance and efficiency. A simulation model based on a heterogeneous multiple BESS with a hierarchical control scheme is set up, the components of the model are validated and a real test bench verifies the functionality of the PFCS. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink are carried out to analyze the performance and the efficiency of the applied PFCS in an energy- and a load-related application scenario. This approach allows a systematic comparison of PFCS in consideration of varying system parameters and different scenarios. The results suggest that depending on the objective to be achieved and the applied application scenario, the choice of the right PFCS is crucial. Thus, this paper provides a workflow to analyze the selection of proper PFCS. Furthermore, heterogeneity plays a decisive role in analyzing different PFCS, since operating limits of the BESS become more significant.