Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in cream and ice cream using modified QuEChERS extraction and GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study

Abstract

The concentrations of six non–dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL‐PCBs) were measured using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with triple‐quadrupole (QqQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in cream and ice cream offered in Tehran (Iran). The results showed the limits of detection, limit of quantification and recovery for the PCB analytes in the ranges 0.04–0.16, 0.132–0.482 ng/g fat, 5.2–9.2 and 95.5–107.2%, respectively. The results showed the mean concentration of total 6NDL‐PCBs in cream (21.634 ± 2.18 ng/g fat) was higher than that in the ice cream (12.317 ± 1.524 ng/g fat) samples. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI < 10 ng/kg BW/day). Ultimately, the probabilistic model with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) revealed the incremental lifetime cancer risk levels (95th) of PCB compounds in ice cream (adults = 1.62E−6 and children = 4.37E−6) and cream (adults = 9.65E−7 and children = 7.57E−6) were lower than the level of acceptable risk (10−4).