Abstract
This paper presents a review of methods for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in pine needles. These compounds are lipophilic, they accumulate in the biotic and abiotic part of the environment in which they are persistent, and their use is forbidden or restricted due to harmful effects on human and animal health. Pine needles are convenient for monitoring the levels of organochlorine compounds in the air because they accumulate them in wax with which they are covered. However, the presence of many other compounds makes them complex for analysis. Analytical methods for determining organochlorine compounds in pine needles include sample collection, extraction of compounds with a suitable solvent, extract clean-up from unwanted compounds and qualitative and quantitative analysis. PCBs and OCPs are present in pine needles in traces, and every part of the analytical procedure has to be as efficient and selective as possible.
Highlights
This paper presents a review of methods for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in pine needles
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Darija Koul, dipl. ing. kemije Institut za medicinska istraivanja i medicinu rada Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb E-mail: dkozuloimi.hr
Summary
Darija KO@UL i Snjeana HERCEG ROMANI] Institut za medicinska istraivanja i medicinu rada, Zagreb. Sam postupak analize PCB-a i OCP-a u borovim iglicama vrlo je zahtjevan zbog njihovih niskih masenih udjela i velikog broja drugih spojeva koji mogu smetati. Istraivanja su pokazala da organoklorovi spojevi utje~u i na ljudsko zdravlje (promjene u neurolo{kom razvoju i neuroendokrinoj funkciji, naru{ena imunosna i reproduktivna funkcija), ali prema rezultatima tih studija nije sigurno da su ti poreme}aji uzrokovani isklju~ivo izloeno{}u odre|enom organoklorovu spoju jer se smjese tih spojeva nalaze u svim uzorcima izivog i neivog dijela okoli{a. Zbog kompleksnog sastava voska i velikog broja interferiraju}ih spojeva, analiti~ki postupak odre|ivanja PCB-a i OCP-a u borovim iglicama vrlo je sloen. Analiti~ki postupci odre|ivanja poliklorbifenila i organoklorovih pesticida u borovim iglicama sastoje se od skupljanja uzorka, mljevenja svjeih ili suhih iglica, ekstrakcije spojeva pogodnim otapalom, pro~i{}avanja ekstrakta od interferencija te kvalitativne i kvantitativne analize
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