Abstract
Phytoplankton plays an important role in Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation. It plays a role as natural feed, water quality control, and indicator of shrimp cultivation success. The community structure of phytoplankton can be influenced by organic matter concentration in ponds. On the other hand, water quality and phytoplankton community structure also influence the productivity of shrimp cultivation. The research aimed to analyze the phytoplankton structure community, cultivation performance and the water quality in one of vananmei shrimp cultivation located in Muncar District. The research used the descriptive method. The research was conducted in two shrimp intensive system ponds in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi, on February-March 2020. Parameters observed were composition, diversity, and density of phytoplankton, water quality parameters, and production performance in each pond. Based on the results, five phytoplankton classes was found: Bacillariophyceae (12 genera), Chlorophyceae (4 genera), Cyanophyceae (8 genera), Dinophyceae (2 genera), and Euglenophyceae (1 genus). Based on the density, Cyclotella and Chlorella were dominated in both ponds. Diversity index values on ponds 1 and ponds 2 were 1.64 and 1.71, respectively. The productivity of both ponds was 10.794 kg.ha-1 and 11.698 kg.ha-1, FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) were 0.99 and 1.18, and ADG (Average Daily Growth) on both ponds were 0.16 g.day-1. Water quality parameters in both ponds showed an optimal range for vannamei cultivation, except phosphate, which is quite high. Overall, the cultivation performance of both ponds in our research showed good results. However, cultivation performance obtained in this research was not on its best performance yet due to Infectious Myonecrosis (IMNV) infection.Keywords: Cultivation performance, Litopenaeus vannamei, muncar, phytoplankton.
Highlights
The cultivation performance of vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) currently increases
Cultivation performance parameters observed in both ponds included harvest tonnage, survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and average daily growth (ADG)
Our result is supported by previous research, which showed the pond dominated by phytoplankton Nanocloropsis and Chlorella from Chlorophyceae class and Navicula from the Bacillariophyceae class that showed a higher survival rate than the control pond, which was dominated by phytoplankton genera of Cyanophyceae [21]
Summary
The cultivation performance of vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) currently increases. Based on data, vannamei cultivation contributed as much as 53% of total crustacean production in the world [1]. Shrimp ponds around these industries use seawater around the coast of Muncar as a medium for vannamei shrimp cultivation. The high stocking densities and the increase of feed given lead to the increasing in organic matter content in shrimp ponds and followed by increasing in shrimp excretion and feed residue. Nutrient content will affect the diversity and density of phytoplankton in the waters. Phytoplankton in shrimp pond ecosystems has an important role in supporting the success of the cultivation. A previous study argued that the type of phytoplankton growth in shrimp pond ecosystems affects productivity [7]. This study aimed to analyze the phytoplankton community structure, water quality parameters, and cultivation performance in one of the vannamei cultivation ponds in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi regency
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