Abstract
Thailand is located in the tropics and a wide variety of fruits are grown commercially. However, studies regarding the phytonutrients, anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive effects of these fruits are limited. Thus, phytochemical profiles and inhibition of key enzymes involved in obesity and diabetes, together with anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive properties of eight tropical fruit extracts cultivated in Thailand, including Psidium guajava ‘Kimju’, Psidium guajava ‘Keenok’, Ananas comosus ‘Pattavia’, Ananas comosus ‘Phulae’, Durio zibethinus ‘Chanee’, Durio zibethinus ‘Monthong’, Carica papaya ‘Khaekdum’ and Mangifera indica ‘Namdokmai’ were investigated. Different cultivars were also compared. Results showed that M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ was the most antioxidant-rich extract containing abundant 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivative, gallic acid, as the main phenolics. M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ also exhibited high inhibitory capacities (>60% inhibition under studied conditions) against lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, key enzymes as drug targets for controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, all fruit extracts suppressed food mutagen-induced DNA mutations assayed by the Ames test, especially M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ and C. papaya ‘Khaekdum’ (>50% inhibition at 200 µg/plate). The M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ was also the most potent extract for suppression of cancer promotion (>90% inhibition at 200 µg/mL) followed by P. guajava ‘Kimju’, P. guajava ‘Keenok’ and C. papaya ‘Khaekdum’. Results potentially indicated that fruit intake after overcooked meat consumption might supplement nutrients and fiber and also reduce DNA mutation sources.
Highlights
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are leading global causes of public healthcare
For NCD prevention, some phytochemicals exhibited enzyme inhibitory activities involved in disease progression, such as lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase that are responsible for obesity and diabetes [6]
Results indicated that among phenolic acids, the highest amounts of gallic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in M. indica ‘Namdokmai’, while the highest ferulic acid content was detected in A. comosus ‘Pattavia’
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are leading global causes of public healthcare. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) rich in bromelain possesses many potential health benefits such as antiproliferative properties against colorectal carcinoma cells, anti-inflammatory, reducing risk of diabetes and cerebro-vascular diseases [12], while Mangifera indica or mango high in mangiferin and several phenolics exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects [13]. Several studies on the health benefits regarding inhibition against the key enzymes relevant to obesity (lipase) and diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) are limited to citrus, pomegranate, berry and Prunus fruits [15,16]. Knowledge gained from this study will promote consumption of tropical fruits as rich natural resources of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting properties, which, with further investigation, could lead to prevention of obesity, type II diabetes and cancer
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