Analysis of Physical Properties and Hydroxyapatite Precipitation In Vitro of TiO2‐Containing Phosphate‐Based Glass Systems

Abstract

In vitro studies are carried out on a phosphate‐based glass system with different compositions (45P2O5–30CaO–(25−x) Na2O–xTiO2) of TiO2 (0≤x1 mol%). The optimization of bone‐bonding ability of prepared glass samples is carried out by using studies such as ultrasonic velocities, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in vitro, pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result that is observed indicates a possible change in the structural property of glasses due to the addition of TiO2. The strong absorption band at 1100 cm−1 in FTIR pattern in all compositions that is observed indicates the presence of Ca2P2O7 after immersion in simulated body fluid solution. A high degree of absorption is noticed in 1.0 mol% of glass sample to which TiO2 was added, which ensures the growth of a rich Ca–P crystalline layer on the glass surface during in vitro studies. The XRD study on 1.0 mol% TiO2 after in vitro study confirms the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp). SEM micrographs, FTIR, and pH observations show a small amount of formation of HAp in all prepared glass samples whereas a higher formation of HAp is noted on glass samples with 1.0 mol% TiO2.