Analysis of Peruvian seaweed exports during the period 1995–2020 using trade data

Abstract

Abstract Peru is the second largest seaweed producer in the Americas. Nevertheless, the actual extent and trends of exports of various seaweeds are not known. This study is the first to summarize and analyze the official seaweed export statistics for Peru, which cover 1995–2020. Total exports showed a considerable increase from 2008, reaching their highest historical volume in 2019 (33,948 metric tons dry weight plus 3 metric tons of fresh/frozen weight). China dominated the market by importing 90% of the total Peruvian production of seaweeds. A low percentage of the exports (3%) corresponded to red seaweeds (mainly Chondracanthus chamissoi for industrial use). Export volumes of C. chamissoi have been decreasing since 2015, however prices have continued to increase. Brown seaweeds accounted for 97% of the exports. These were dominated by Lessonia berteroana until 2007 and then by Macrocystis pyrifera. The latter showed the highest overall growth rate (47%). Wet biomass estimations showed a gap between the data reflecting what is officially harvested versus what is actually exported. This “unreported biomass” might reflect the government’s lack of control of seaweed harvesting. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic showed a negative impact on exports with M. pyrifera being the most affected species.