Analysis of perioperative parameters and renal function in elderly patients with clinical T1-T2 renal masses treated by partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy

Abstract

Objective To compare the perioperative parameters and renal function in patients, whose aged was 65 year-old or above, with clinical T1-2 renal tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN). Methods A retrospective review of 469 patients, who underwent RN and PN in our center, was conducted from January 2012 to November 2018, icluding 247 in the RN group and 222 in the PN group. The RN group consisted of 170 male and 77 female patients, with the mean age of (70.96±5.21) year-old. 126 cases were found that the tumor located on the right side, with the median diameter of (4.93±2.03)cm. The median BMI, median R. E.N.A.L. score and pre-operation eGFR of the RN group were (24.4±3.1)kg/m2, 8.39±1.45) and (80.23±15.14) ml/(min·1.73m2), respectively. The PN group consisted of 150 male and 72 female patients, with the mean age of (70.23±4.62) years old. 108 patients had tumors on the left side while 114 on the right side, with the median diameter of (3.17±1.41) cm. The median BMI, median R. E.N.A.L score and pre-operation eGFR of the PN group were (23.5±3.2) kg/m2, (6.69±1.81) and (82.83±14.36) ml/(min·1.73m2), respectively. No statistical difference was noticed in the age, gender, tumor location and BMI between RN group and PN group(P>0.05). The PN group had smaller tumors and lower R. E.N.A.L. scores than the RN group(P<0.05). Various parameters were compared between the PN and RN groups, including operative duration, surgical procedure, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, drainage tube removal time, postoperative duration of hospitalization, pathological results, the renal function immediately after surgery and at 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years after surgery, and the incidence of chronic renal dysfunction. Results Significant differences were found in multiple variables between the two cohorts, such as operative duration [(115.70±39.69)min in RN vs.(132.26±49.02) min in PN], estimated intraoperative blood loss [(45.85±55.93)days in RN vs. (66.60±61.55)ml in PN], drainage tube removal time [(4.38±1.71)days in RN vs.(4.86±1.61)days in PN], duration of postoperative hospitalization [(5.14±1.65)days in RN vs.(5.52±1.32)days in PN](P 0.05). Compared with the RN cohort, the PN cohort had higher eGFR immediately after surgery [(74.08±18.31)ml/(min·1.73m2) vs.(52.58±14.21) ml/(min·1.73m2)], 1 month after surgery [(76.11±18.34)ml/(min·1.73m2) vs.(53.78±15.03)ml/(min·1.73m2)] and at the last follow-up [(73.92±18.59)ml/(min·1.73m2)vs.(52.35±16.13)ml/(min·1.73m2)](P<0.001). Compared with those of the RN cohort, the incidences of eGFR<45 ml/(min·1.73m2) of the PN cohort were lower immediately after surgery [9.01% (20/222) vs. 31.9% (79/247)], 1 month after surgery [7.87% (14/178) vs. 27.31% (62/227)], 1 year after surgery [8.96% (13/145) vs.38.75% (62/160)], 2 years after surgery [9.89% (9/91) vs. 31.57% (42/133)], 3 years after surgery [13.21%(7/53) vs. 30.61% (30/98)], 4 years after surgery [16.21% (6/37) vs. 30.26% (23/76)] and 5 years after surgery [18.18% (4/22) vs. 31.11% (14/45)](P<0.001). Conclusion The perioperative risk of PN in the treatment of elderly patients aged 65 and above with clinical cT1-2 renal tumor is controllable. PN could better retain renal function for those patients and reduce the risk of postoperative chronic renal insufficiency. Key words: Elderly; Renal cell carcinoma; Partial nephrectomy; Radical nephrectomy; Renal function