Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the peri-implant bone loss of infracrestal, supracrestal, and crestal implants from the day of placement and up to 1 year of prosthetic loading. Material and methods: A retrospective clinical study was carried out. The sample consisted of 30 implants placed on 30 patients. It was divided into three groups: infracrestal (n = 10), crestal (n = 10), and supracrestal (n = 10) implants. Results: Following the statistical analysis, it was observed that, 4 months after implant placement, the mean values of total peri-implant bone loss were 0.04 mm in infracrestal implants, 0.26 mm in crestal implants, and 0.19 mm in supracrestal implants. At the end of one year of prosthetic loading, the peri-implant bone loss was 0.12 mm in infracrestal implants, 1.04 mm in crestal implants, and 0.27 mm in supracrestal implants. It was determined that peri-implant bone loss in crestal implants was significantly higher than in supracrestal implants, and these in turn were significantly higher than in infracrestal implants. Conclusions: The implants that obtained a better biological behavior on peri-implant bone tissue were the infracrestal implants with a converging transmucosal abutment.
Highlights
The use of implants together with their prosthetic restorations help to restore these stresses on the maxillary bone, stimulating and preserving the bony ridges, as these will receive the mechanical forces of mastication [1–3]
The sample was divided into three groups: infracrestal implants (n = 10), crestal implants (n = 10), and supracrestal implants (n = 10)
In a similar study by Montemezzi et al [22], the sample was composed of 122 dental implants divided into two groups where the analysis revealed a relationship between neck design and peri-implant bone loss, so that marginal bone loss was generally lower for implants with wide necks than for those with reduced necks
Summary
Tooth loss involves both the absence of function and the impairment of the patient’s physical, social, and mental health and wellbeing [1]. A wide variety of treatments are currently available to replace missing teeth using both fixed and removable prostheses. Dental implants are devices that are anchored in the maxillary bone and act as roots which, together with the implant–prosthetic restorations, will allow us to replace a tooth, several teeth, or even all the teeth, offering the patients an improvement in their life quality, restoring their masticatory function, esthetics, and comfort, and increasing their self-esteem [2]. The consequence of tooth loss, which can complicate the prosthodontic treatment, is usually the physiological reabsorption of the bone crest, due to the cessation of the biological mechanical loads. The use of implants together with their prosthetic restorations help to restore these stresses on the maxillary bone, stimulating and preserving the bony ridges, as these will receive the mechanical forces of mastication [1–3]
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