Abstract
The pedological factors concerning the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) in the contact area of Đakovo loess plateau and Dilj gora have been explored. The study was carried out to create a cross-country mobility map for vehicles. The spatial GIS analysis included soil units of Basic Soil Map (BSM) at a scale of 1:50000, which, according to the World Reference Base (WRB), contain within themselves the distribution of soil units, particle size distribution according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil classification and organic content, as well as data from the Basic Geological Map (BGM) at a scale of 1:100000, together with the information on the original parent material from which the soils originate. Field sampling (72 samples) and laboratory sample analysis were performed according to the USCS. The samples were collected at the same locations (50 samples) as the profiles which had been extracted during the de- velopment of BSM to enable a comparison of the two classification systems. The analysis did not confirm a clear statisti- cal connection between the USDA and USCS. The compatibility of BSM pedological units and low plasticity clays (CL) is clearly visible in all units, except for the units located on the alluvium. The presence of low plasticity clay (CL) and high plasticity clay (CH) has been confirmed in the stagnosols on the alluvium. By incorporating the geological basis into the spatial analysis, low plasticity clays were found to belong to the Quaternary source material, whereas high plasticity clays were formed on the parent substrate of Neogene age. Data analysis and cartographic representation of the results accord- ing to the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) Method of the cone index were obtained using fuzzy logic. The princi- ples of fuzzy logic were used at the boundaries of pedological units due to the inability to define clear boundaries or the cessation of a particular type of soil’s presence.
Highlights
Spatial information on soil properties is vital for many areas of human interest, including agronomy, geology, biology, engineering, forestry, and the military
Upon the implementation of further analyses, the results showed that in the case of 66% (6 of 9) soil types, there was a clear correlation between the Basic Soil Map (BSM) soil type and the soil type according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)
Further spatial analysis revealed that the main determinant of alluvial soil types according to the USCS is the parent material from which the soil was formed
Summary
Spatial information on soil properties is vital for many areas of human interest, including agronomy, geology, biology, engineering, forestry, and the military. Most research and methods applied to determine the mobility of the vehicle relating to the soil are carried out by the military (Heštera and Pahernik, 2018). The most widespread is the WES cone index method (Meyer, 1976; Wong, 2001), followed by the Mean maximum pressure method (Rowland, 1972) and the Bevameter method (Bekker, 1956). In applying these methods, USCS engineering classification is used
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