Abstract
BackgroundWorldwide, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production. PRRS was first detected in Costa Rica in 1996 and has since then severely affected the local swine industry. Studies of the molecular characterization of circulating strains, correlation with clinical records, and associations with pathogens associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) have not been done in Costa Rica.ResultsSequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 proved that PRRSV-2 was the only species detected in all locations analyzed. These sequences were grouped into three clusters. When comparing samples from San Jose, Alejuela, and Puntarenas to historical isolates of the previously described lineages (1 to 9), it has been shown that these were closely related to each other and belonged to Lineage 5, along with the samples from Heredia. Intriguingly, samples from Cartago clustered in a separate clade, phylogenetically related to Lineage 1. Epitope analysis conducted on the GP5 sequence of field isolates from Costa Rica revealed seven peptides with at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with previously described and experimentally validated immunogenic regions. Previously described epitopes A, B, and C, were detected in the Santa Barbara-Heredia isolate.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the virus has three distinct origins or introductions to the country. Future studies will elucidate how recently introduced vaccines will shape the evolutionary change of circulating field strains.
Highlights
Worldwide, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production
We included historical records provided by the field veterinarian related to the first description of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) in each farm and lab results of pathogens detected at the same time as PRDC
The clinical presentation may be complicated by other viral agents such as Porcine Circovirus type 2, Influenza virus or bacteria such as Haemophilus spp, Glaesserella parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), and Mycoplasma spp [30,31,32]
Summary
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production. Studies of the molecular characterization of circulating strains, correlation with clinical records, and associations with pathogens associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) have not been done in Costa Rica. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been reported among the diseases with the highest economic impact in modern pig production [1]. The disease has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in most pig-producing countries It is characterized by reproductive failure in late gestation, as well as by loss of weight gain, and poor performance in finishing pigs, and respiratory disorders [2,3,4,5]. The emergence of highly pathogenic PRRSV strains from China has exacerbated global food insecurity risk [8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
