Abstract
Even if there is fluctuation in fish species diversity and relative abundance of the species, Lake Ziway provides numerous environmental and/or ecosystem services. Despite to its importance, the Lake faces numerous threats because of its public good characteristics. Following the exponentially increased demand for fishes and the resource being public good, magnificent number of individuals are participated in capture fisheries in order to secure their livelihood. Free access to the fisheries, illegal fishing gears and environmental degradation are among the main reasons of decline in fish species and degradation of the Lake. From the current stock assessment survey, the study showed decline in biomass of fish over time. These negative trends in the Lake Ziway fisheries and poor water quality led to loss of livelihoods of many households who are directly or indirectly dependent on the Lake. Therefore, management of Lake Ziway fishery becomes very essential to manage the resource efficiently in a way that maximize fishers present and future benefits otherwise, the fish resource will disappear in the near future. Concerning management practices, most of the fishery regulations in this Lake put emphasis on the restriction of fishing gear, but the application of this instrument with its restrictions is almost zero. Moreover, Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) foster greater transparency and accountability for the management and enhancement of fishery resources by quota owners. In this regard, since it generates a sense of ownership and its versatility in providing a stable and productive market, ITQs are more effective than gear restrictions and in fact, it has major social benefits by controlling overharvesting. Due to this, to ensure the nutritional and food security of the country currently and in the near future, there is a need to enforce fishing gear restriction and set ITQs. Furthermore, there must be strong effort on studying the current stock of fish, and numbers of legal and illegal fishers to set Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) and Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for sustainable fishery management of Lake Ziway. Keywords: Ziway, capture fisheries, Individual Transferable Quotas, Total Allowable Catch, sustainable fishery management DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-2-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2022
Highlights
Fish is an aquatic species that serves millions of people in the world as a source of food, nutrition, income and livelihood (Fantahun, 2019)
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) Recently fishery economists have managed some capture fisheries mostly by using policy of choice, which is individual transferable quotas (ITQ), which addresses the problem of open access by creating owner of the quota who becomes the owner of the fishery
Even though contribution of fisheries from Lake Ziway is extremely large for both smallholders and commercial anglers, lack of property rights and loosening of regulation endangers the fishery resource
Summary
Fish is an aquatic species that serves millions of people in the world as a source of food, nutrition, income and livelihood (Fantahun, 2019). Since the ancient civilizations of Egypt and China, fish farming has developed quickly in the animal-based food production field (Olaoye et al, 2013; Tilahun et al, 2016). In both developed and developing countries, it is practiced (Miller, 2009). The livelihoods of more than 500 million people in developing countries are directly or indirectly linked to fish farming (Brander, 2010). Over the last three years the fish industry in the country has been in decline due to overfishing, the dumping of hazardous chemicals, pollution in Lakes and rivers, and water hyacinth infestation (Temesgen, 2019)
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