Analysis of nonlinear thermal radiation and entropy on combined convective ternary (SWCNT-MWCNT-Fe3O4) Eyring–Powell nanoliquid flow over a slender cylinder

Abstract

Using hybrid nanoparticles to improve thermal processes is a critical method with implications for a wide range of interventions used in many industries. The Eyring–Powell nanofluid is a promising alternative in chemical engineering, where other non-Newtonian liquids are limited. Along with the nanoparticles of iron oxide, the base liquid contains both single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT, respectively). Unlike other forms of carbon, nanotubes are excellent electrical conductors. In addition, they have exceptional tensile strength and thermal conductivity thanks to their nanostructure and the strong bonding between carbon atoms. The nonsimilar transformations convert the governing PDEs into nondimensional forms. The transformed equations are subjected to the Quasilinearization technique. Further, the implicit finite difference approach leads to discretising the linearized equations. Incorporating CNTs-Fe3O4 ternary hybrid nanofluid leads to a higher heat transfer rate than mono and hybrid nanofluids. The fluid’s velocity diminishes, while the liquid’s temperature enhances with enhancing values of ternary nanofluid. The drag coefficient enhances about 16%, 20%, and 15% from Eyring–Powell nanofluid to Newtonian fluid for mano nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and ternary nanofluid, respectively. Increased temperature difference ratio enhances the heat transfer, which diminishes the Entropy generation and improves the Bejan number.