Abstract
Over the last few decades, the development in the field of navigation and routing devices has become a hindering task for the researchers to develop smart and intelligent guiding mechanism at indoor and outdoor locations for blind and visually impaired people (BVIPs). The existing research need to be analysed from a historical perception including early research on the first electronic travel aids to the use of modern artificial vision models for the navigation of BVIPs. Diverse approaches such as: e-cane or guide dog, infrared-based cane, laser based walker and many others are proposed for the navigation of BVIPs. But most of these techniques have limitations such as: infrared and ultrasonic based assistance has short range capacities for object detection. While laser based assistance can harm other people if it directly hit them on their eyes or any other part of the body. These trade-offs are critical to bring this technology in practice.To systematically assess, analyze, and identify the primary studies in this specialized field and provide an overview of the trends and empirical evidence in the proposed field. This systematic research work is performed by defining a set of relevant keywords, formulating four research questions, defining selection criteria for the articles, and synthesizing the empirical evidence in this area. Our pool of studies include 191 most relevant articles to the proposed field reported between 2011 and 2020 (a portion of 2020 is included). This systematic mapping will help the researchers, engineers, and practitioners to make more authentic decisions for finding gaps in the available navigation assistants and suggest a new and enhanced smart assistant application accordingly to ensure safety and accurate guidance of the BVIPs. This research work have several implications in particular the impact of reducing fatalities and major injuries of BVIPs.
Highlights
Healthcare system is facing the digital transformations with the use of healthcare information system, electronic medical record, wearable and smart devices and handheld
This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of the navigation systems developed for BVIPs
Overall information about navigation systems, different hardware components used for obstacle avoidance, shortest path deciding, route finding and many others are explained of the paper
Summary
Healthcare system is facing the digital transformations with the use of healthcare information system, electronic medical record, wearable and smart devices and handheld. A. NAVIGATION SYSTEMS FOR BVIPs Diverse approaches are proposed for assisting the blind and visually impaired people. Some of these approaches include cane or guide dog, infrared cane base assistance, voice assistance navigation system, laser based walker, ultrasonic cane assistance [13]–[16], and sound of vision project for blind and visually impaired person This project has won the ICT award for 2018. Implement and validate an original non-invasive hardware and software system to assist visually impaired people by creating and conveying an auditory representation of the surrounding environment This representation will be created, updated and delivered to a blind person continuously and in real time. This system will help visually impaired people in any kind of environment (indoor/outdoor), without the need for predefined tags/sensors located in the surroundings [17].
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