Analysis of natural radionuclide concentrations in selected building materials available on the domestic market

Abstract

This article presents the results of natural radioactivity research for selected building materials such as: ceramic blocks, cellular concrete, solid bricks, ceramic roof tiles, cement, mortars, plaster and adhesives available on the domestic market. In Poland, the possibility of using various raw materials and ready-made construction materials depends on the values of activity coefficients f1 and f2. The activity coefficient f1 determines the content of natural isotopes in the examined material, as an indicator of the whole body exposure to gamma radiation. The activity coefficient f2 determines the content of radium 226Ra in the examined material, as an indicator of the epithelial lung exposure to the alpha radiation emitted through radon decay products, taken together with the air by the human respiratory system. Activity coefficients are described by natural potassium 40K, radium 226Ra and 228Th. The activity concentrations of these radionuclide were determined using MAZAR analyzer with a scintillation detector. The highest concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes were recorded for solid bricks, while plaster has the lowest concentration. Nevertheless, none of the tested samples had activity of both coefficients exceeding the limit values, which means each of the analyzed materials can be safely used in buildings intended for human stays or livestock. Additionally, the work has determined the dose rate and effective annual dose equivalent for the analyzed building materials.