Abstract
The generated municipal waste rates provided in the planning documents are a tool for forecasting the mass of waste generated in individual waste management regions. An important issue is the decisive separation of two concepts: waste generated and waste collected. The study includes analysis of the generation rate for Poland with division into urban and rural areas. The estimated and projected rate of municipal waste generation for Poland provided in subsequent editions of National Waste Management Plans (KPGO) changed since 2000 within wide range from about 300 to more than 500 kg per capita in an individual year (kg/pc/year). Currently, the National Waste Management Plan for the years 2017-2022 estimates municipal waste generation rate at approx. 270 kg/per capita/year with a projected increase to 330 kg/per capita/year in 2030. Most European countries adopt higher municipal waste generation rate, often exceeding 600 kg/per capita/year. The objective of the paper is therefore to analyze the causes of this difference in the declared values. The morphological composition of municipal waste stream in Poland and in selected European countries (e.g. France, Belgium, Switzerland) was analyzed. At present it is not possible to balance the value of the generation rate with the rate of waste collection in Poland. The conducted analyzes allow for determining a number of reasons for variation of the rate value in particular countries, mostly morphological composition of municipal waste, inclusion of household-like waste from infrastructure facilities or not and amount of waste collected in rural areas. The differences in the generation rates and provided possible reasons indicate the need to harmonize the methodology for estimating rates of municipal waste generation in various countries, including Poland.
Highlights
The planning of municipal waste management is closely linked to the need to develop reliable rates of waste generation with the share of individual morphological fractions throughout the stream
In order to determine the demand for municipal waste processing plants, the amount of collected waste is significant, but the volume of waste generation is an important issue for the prediction of potential changes in the waste management system in each region of each country
The estimated and projected rate of municipal waste generation for Poland provided in subsequent editions of the National Waste Management Plans (KPGO) changed since 2000 within wide range: from about 300 to more than 500 kg per capita in an individual year
Summary
The planning of municipal waste management is closely linked to the need to develop reliable rates of waste generation with the share of individual morphological fractions throughout the stream. Due to the nature of heating individual households and using hard coal for this purpose [12, 13], the waste from coal combustion is important in the stream of municipal waste, and their quantity is strictly related to the quality of the burned raw material [14]. These waste contributes to the fine fraction
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