Abstract
Achievements and problems of qualitative analysis of multicomponent mixtures are demostrated on a complex hydrocarbon sample. Emphasis is given to the analysis of aromatics with the broader range of boiling points in a complex hydrocarbon matrix. In the petroleum fraction (150–350°C) used as the raw material for the analysis of n-alkanes by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization using paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics (PONA) columns under optimized temperature-programmed conditions, it was found out that the sample consists of a multicomponent mixture of hydrocarbons belonging to various hydrocarbon groups at about the same concentration level: alkanes, naphtenes and aromatic concentrate from liquid chromatography fraction. Identification was based on combination of isothermal retention data (on OV-101) and mass spectral data measured under temperature-programmed conditions using PONA columns. Higher-boiling-point aromatics were characterized using only mass spectral data. The 256 aromatics were characterized as to group (alkylbenzenes, indanes, tetralins, indenes, naphthalenes or acenaphthenes) and further with carbon atom number or the type of substituents. The precise structure with assignment of position of substituents was determined for 51 aromatics.
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