Abstract
The 3-component velocity distribution of two lean-burn gas turbine fuel injectors are measured at a planar location near and parallel to the injector outlet. The two injectors are nominally the same design, but one features blocked central passages to study the effects of the presence of multi-streams and reveal the single stream characteristics embedded within the multi-stream configuration. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry is used in an isothermal, non-reacting water analogue flow facility at an engine relevant Reynolds number. The velocity data is analysed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the work introduces the concept of Zonal POD. This is the splitting of the velocity field into zones prior to the calculation of POD modes to better identify prominent structures and features associated with each zone. Because modes are sorted by the area averaged energy contribution, zoning of a velocity field of interest may change the individual modes and will almost certainly change their order for anything other than trivial flow fields. Analysis of ensemble average and velocity fluctuation profiles reveals a radial shift outboard of the mains flow with the presence of the pilot as well as a general increase in RMS across the intermediate region between the pilot and mains flows. Analysis of POD temporal coefficients in the frequency domain reveals a low-frequency peak is evident in the mains flow region, but which may be affected by the presence of pilot flow. Furthermore, application of the ZPOD technique results in a closer representation of the velocity data for a given number of modes. This shows the behaviour of the unsteady pilot flow and reveals that a significant proportion of the fluctuating energy, RMS, is caused by this characteristic.
Highlights
As with other segments of the transport industries, civil aviation is under pressure to reduce the environmental impact through improved fuel efficiency and a reduction in emissions of CO2, NOX, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matter
The two sets consist of a common multi-stream lean-burn type gas turbine fuel injector in which one model has several flow streams blocked to provide distinct differences in their flow field characteristic
This paper presented the analysis of the near-field flow of a lean-burn gas turbine injector
Summary
As with other segments of the transport industries, civil aviation is under pressure to reduce the environmental impact through improved fuel efficiency and a reduction in emissions of CO2, NOX, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matter. The injectors used in lean-burn combustion systems must admit a significantly greater proportion of the compressor efflux in comparison to their rich-burn counterparts To accommodate this increased airflow, which may be up to 70% of the compressor efflux, the injectors are physically larger to keep pressure drops to an acceptable level. The objectives are to identify features from within either the mains or pilot regions and the effects of any interaction between them on spatial or temporal characteristics. This will be carried out over a single parallel (R-θ) plane at the injector outlet for an engine relevant Reynolds number
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