ANALYSIS OF MODERN DEVELOPMENTS OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS WITH THE SPECIFIC TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract

The article considers the characteristics of common composite materials. The following have been used for industrial use: carbon plastics – composites based on high-strength carbon fibers, organometallic plastics – allora, thermoplastics – polyester ether ketone and polyphenylene sulfide, fiberglass. By structure, composites are divided into several classes: fibrous, layered, dispersed, compacted and nanocomposites. The main advantage of any composite material is that it can be given the specific technical and technological characteristics. Due to changes in the composition, structure, size of reinforcing elements and technology of materials, the properties of composites can vary widely, from soft, plastic to hard, brittle. The strength of the material depends on the geometric characteristics of the fibers, the greater the ratio of length to diameter, the stronger it is. It is the size of the reinforcing elements that determines the direction of use of the composite, they affect the rheological and structural and mechanical properties of the material. The designed properties determine the reliability of the structure, which is important when using these materials in the development of military, aerospace equipment, weapons.The introduction of innovative technologies for the formation of products from composite materials has simplified the production process and obtained dimensional monolithic structures. This contributed to their introduction in the field of shipbuilding, in particular, in the construction and modernization of submarines, ships and boats. Composite materials, in addition to elements of superstructures and fairings of acoustic antennae, are used to make rudders, stabilizers, propellers, fragments of shaft lines, rocket shafts, fairings for lifting mast devices, compressed air storage tanks, constructions of separate ship warfare and technical means, etc.