Abstract
Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 (Lr46) is a gene for slow rusting resistance in wheat. The aim of the study was to analyze the miRNA expression in selected common wheat cultivars carrying resistance genes, Lr46 among others (HN Rod, Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow’S’) in response to leaf rust infection caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. In the Pavon ‘S’, Myna ‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparow‘S’ varieties a product with a length of 242 bp has been identified, which is specific to the Xwmc44 marker linked to the brown rust resistance gene Lr46. In the next step, the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR5085 and miR164) associated with the Lr46 gene, which is responsible for different resistance of selected wheat cultivars to leaf rust, were examined using emulsion PCR (ddPCR). In the experiment, biotic stress was induced in mature plants by infecting them with fungal spores under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. For analysis the plant material was collected before inoculation and 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. The experiments also showed that plant infection with Puccinia triticina resulted in an increase in miR164 expression in cultivars carrying the Lr46 gene. The expression of miR164 remained stable in a control cultivar (HN ROD) lacking this gene. This has proved that miR164 can be involved in leaf rust resistance mechanisms.
Highlights
The main purpose of breeding programs is to create highyielding varieties that will be characterized by high resistance to pathogens
The present study showed that plant infection with Puccinia triticina resulted in changes in miR164 expression levels in cultivars carrying the Lr46 gene (Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow‘S’)
Our results show that miR164 likely has a role in managing the expression of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr46 in wheat cultivars (Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow‘S’)
Summary
The main purpose of breeding programs is to create highyielding varieties that will be characterized by high resistance to pathogens. Maximalization of yielding possibilities is often correlated with resistance to fungal pathogens (Strzębicka, 2013). Chemical protection is efficient but expensive way to reduce the fungal infection. It is discouraged due to health risk. There is an increasing need to develop new varieties using effective resistance genes, which provide cost-effective and sustainable plant protection.
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