Analysis of MIMO methods for 5G and subsequent technologies: advantages and disadvantages

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The global bandwidth shortage in the wireless communications sector has prompted the study and research of wireless access technology, known as mass Multiple Input/output (MIMO) technology. Mass MIMO is one of the key technologies for next-generation networks, which combines antennas in both the transmitter and receiver to provide high spectral and energy efficiency using relatively simple processing. Gaining a better understanding of the massive MIMO system to overcome the fundamental challenges of this technology is vital for the successful deployment of 5G and higher networks to implement various intelligent sensor system applications. Thus, in this paper, fully digital, analog and hybrid structures are analyzed and the method of multilevel massive MIMO transmission is described in detail. Purpose. Analysis of the main technologies needed to meet the demand for data transmission expected for 5G and 6G networks, with the allocation of transmission methods necessary for the mass implementation of MIMO. Practical significance. Evaluation of the MIMO system bandwidth, hardware and computational complexity, as well as energy efficiency, it is shown that massive MIMO circuits can rely on asymptotic linear independence when designing signal processing, given the large number of antennas used. Classical MIMO methods are not able to meet the technical requirements, so hybrid architectures use a combination of analog and digital areas to use the spatial resolution provided by a large number of antenna elements, but at the same time the number of energy-consuming and expensive radio frequency circuits remains within reasonable limits, and computational complexity is controlled. It becomes clear that there is no single structure/algorithm that would provide the best compromise between complexity and performance in all possible scenarios, rather, there is a need to adapt them to the characteristics of the application and channel when designing the system. As for optimizing the energy efficiency of the RF power supply, this is achievable using solutions such as multilayer massive MIMO.