Analysis of methods and means of ecological control of harmful emissions of exhaust gases of automobiles

Abstract

The problem of reduction of atmospheric air pollution by exhaust gases is discussed. A brief assessment of the impact of transport on the environment is given. The components of the pollutants are discussed. It is noted that in considering this problem, the methods of measurement and control of harmful emissions of the vehicles play a crucial role. The emphasis on the subject is made at the normative Russian and international standards, UN Rules and adoption of purposeful measures in the field of environmental protection during vehicles operation. The modern methods and devices used for the measurement of emissions of harmful substances of exhaust gases of automobiles are given. The conformity of the newly introduced vehicles to environmental requirements of international normative documents (UN Rules) on the emissions of harmful substances applies to a large extent the accuracy of measurement of gas analysis equipment. It is associated with a significant reduction of the measured values of concentrations of harmful emissions for vehicles of the ecological class EURO-5. It was noted that today especially relevant becomes the problem not only to improve the vehicle design from the point of limiting toxicity, but also improvement of technical control in operation. The lack of control and low level of maintenance lead to the breakdown of the normal operation of units and systems of the vehicle, which leads to increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. As a result, all the efforts of the automotive industry to improve engine and neutralization systems to ensure environmental standards can be mitigated. In this regard, there were proposed approaches for the improvement of methods of technical control of vehicles. Substantially improvements of environmental control of motor vehicles are connected with performance of the onboard diagnostic systems of the vehicle in operation and neutralization systems. In order to guarantee their effective functioning during the life of the vehicle it is proposed to establish a system of replacement of catalytic converters of a vehicle failed during operation of the vehicle.