Abstract
Abstract Introduction Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus may make it impossible to insert implants directly in the posterior region of the maxilla, and in these cases, the solution is to submit the patient to maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery. The most common complication of this surgery is sinus membrane perforation. Anatomical variations of the internal space of the sinus, such as the bone septa, may further hamper detachment of this membrane. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of sinus septa in patients from the Zona da Mata Mineira (Minas Gerais, Brazil), to offer relevant information for a safer planning of surgeries involving this region. Material and method A total of 120 patients (240 sinuses) were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, verifying the presence of sinus septa and classifying them for size and anteroposterior location. Result Of the 120 patients analyzed, 45 (37.50%) had sinus septa, 66 septa in total. Of these, 33 (50%) were present in the middle region of the maxillary sinus and the mean septum size was 7.23 mm. There was no significant difference in the septum size between the genders or between the right and left sides. Conclusion The high rates of incidence of sinus septa justify their study, which should be based mainly on accurate exams, such as CBCT, since they represent one of the most relevant anatomical variations for the cases of sinus surgeries.
Highlights
Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus may make it impossible to insert implants directly in the posterior region of the maxilla, and in these cases, the solution is to submit the patient to maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery
In this cross-sectional observational study cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams were evaluated, which belonged to the files of the Dental Radiology Discipline of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF)
The exams excluded were those of patients with craniofacial lesions or anomalies, with history of trauma and/or maxillofacial surgeries; patients who presented dental implants or bone grafts in the posterior region of the maxilla, either associated with maxillary sinus augmentation surgeries, or not
Summary
Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus may make it impossible to insert implants directly in the posterior region of the maxilla, and in these cases, the solution is to submit the patient to maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery. The absence of maxillary molars and premolars may lead to a process of maxillary sinus pneumatization, gradually approximating it to the alveolar ridge, diminishing the bone height and frequently making it impossible to place dental implants directly in this region[3]. In these cases, a solution is to augment the floor of the maxillary sinus surgically and insert a bone graft in the area[3,4]. The prevalence of sinus septa has shown widely divergent values in the literature, ranging between 7% and 70%, according to previous studies that have used a variety of imaging exams[10,11,12,13]
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