Abstract
Particulates have been collected and analyzed from automotive vehicles operating on fuel containing the organometallic antiknock additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to study and identify the manganese species present in these emitted particulates. Results show that respirable size particulates with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM 2.5) in vehicle exhaust contain manganese primarily in the form of a manganese phosphate and/or sulfate.
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