Analysis of Maize Yield Stability and Genotype by Environment Interaction Based on GGE Biplot Graphical Technique

Abstract

Conducting multi-location trials along with the commercial varieties and genotype by environment (G x E) data analysis are vital to breeders to develop superior genotypes and to meet the challenges posed by environmental factors. This research was undertaken to evaluate maize hybrids for yield, to assess the effect of G x E on grain yield, and determine the yield stability of hybrids across major maize growing areas of Ethiopia. A total of 24 maize hybrids including standard checks (BH546, BH547, BH661 and Limu) were evaluated at six locations (Bako, Jimma, Pawe, Ambo Wendogenet and Asosa) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2020 cropping season. The hybrids had significant differences for grain yeild at all locations. The analysis of variance for mean squares for genotype, location and G x E were significant. The hybrids SXM1910007, WE3106 and WE7131 were the most stable and high yielding with mean grain yield of 8.68 t/ha, 8.06 t/ha and 7.98t/ha, respectively, which was higher than best commercial checks. Therefore identified as the best widely adapted hybrids across locations. In conclusion, the identified desirable maize hybrids could be used as candidate varieties for cultivation in major maize growing areas of Ethiopia. However, the identified hybrids need to be further evaluated under verification trial over many locations to be recommended as commercial varieties.