Abstract
This article explores the impact of a magnetic dipole on the heat transfer phenomena of different nano-particles Fe (ferromagnetic) and Fe3O4 (Ferrimagnetic) dispersed in a base fluid ( 60 % water + 40 % ethylene glycol) on micro-polar fluid flow over a stretching sheet. A magnetic dipole in the presence of the ferrities of nano-particles plays an important role in controlling the thermal and momentum boundary layers. The use of magnetic nano-particles is to control the flow and heat transfer process through an external magnetic field. The governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables, and the transformed equations are then solved numerically by using a variational finite element method. The impact of different physical parameters on the velocity, the temperature, the Nusselt number, and the skin friction coefficient is shown. The velocity profile decreases in the order Fe (ferromagnetic fluid) and Fe3O4 (ferrimagnetic fluid). Furthermore, it was observed that the Nusselt number is decreasing with the increasing values of boundary parameter ( δ ) , while there is controversy with respect to the increasing values of radiation parameter ( N ) . Additionally, it was observed that the ferromagnetic case gained maximum thermal conductivity, as compared to ferrimagnetic case. In the end, the convergence of the finite element solution was observed; the calculations were found by reducing the mesh size.
Highlights
The study of magnetic nano-particles plays an important role due to its inclusive use at many industrial applications and in several other flow phenomena
The finite element method was implemented to obtained the numerical solution of the coupled nonlinear system of differential equations that are detailed in Equations (15)–(18) with the boundary conditions expressed in Equations (19) and (20)
The impacts of different ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic nano-particles on the flow velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction were investigated with varying physical parameters, including β, λ, e, qr, δ, K, and Pr, i.e., the ferromagnetic parameter, viscous dissipation, Curie temperature, radiation, the boundary parameter, the micro-rotational parameter, and the Prandtl number, and R(ratio)
Summary
The study of magnetic nano-particles plays an important role due to its inclusive use at many industrial applications and in several other flow phenomena. Magnetic nano-fluids (that contain colloidal mixtures of super-paramagnetic nano-particles suspended in a nonmagnetic carrier fluid) generate a special kind of nano-fluid that shows both magnetic and fluid properties These fluids fascinate scientists and researchers because they have many applications, in the field of colored pigments, chemical engineering, biomedicine, micro-electromechanical systems, catalysts, leak-proof seals, the purification of molten metals, coolers of nuclear reactors, shock absorbers, micro-fluidic valves and pumps, and lithographic patterning [16,17,18]. Ibrahim and Shankar [28] revealed the heat transfer and the magneto-hydrodynamic boundary layer flow of nano-fluids through a penetrable stretching sheet with velocity, thermal, and solutal-slip boundary conditions. The literature lacks investigations on the impact of viscous dissipation and the different kinds of magnetic nano-particles Fe (ferromagnetic) and Fe3 O4 (ferrimagnetic) on micro-polar fluid flow, heat transfer over the stretching sheets. A numeral assessment of current results is represented and discussed using diagrams
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
