Abstract
We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging system that uses a side-firing probe, axially rotated under computer control, to acquire a series of 2D images, from which the 3D image is reconstructed. For an undistorted reconstruction, the inner radius R 0 of the 2D images and the total scanning angle ϴ must be known accurately. Here, we describe (a) a theoretical analysis of the relative distortion in image shape, length, area, and volume due to an error Δ R in R 0 or Δϴ in ϴ; (b) measurements of these in simulated and real 3D images; and (c) a method to calibrate R 0, ϴ, and image scale accurately. Theoretically, all four relative distortions vary as PΔ R/ R + QΔϴ/ϴ, where | P| ≤ 1, | Q| ≤ 1, and R is the average distance of the object from the axis. In every case, the simple theoretical formulas for P and Q agree with image measurements to within the measurement uncertainty.
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