Abstract
To detect lead ions using electrochemical voltammetric analysis, Infrared Photo-Diode Electrode (IPDE) was applied via cyclic and square wave stripping voltammetry. Lead ions were deposited at 0.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) accumulation potential. Instrumental measurements systems were made based on a simple and compact detection system. The stripping voltammetric and cyclic voltammetric optimal parameters were searched. The results yielded a cyclic range of 40∼240 mgl−1 Pb(II) and a square wave stripping working range of 0.5∼5.00 mgl−1 Pb(II). The relative standard deviation at 2 and 4 mgl−1 Pb(II) was 0.04% and 0.02% (n = 15), respectively, using the stripping voltammetric conditions. The detection limit was found to be 0.05 mgl−1 with a 40 sec preconcentration time. Analytical interference ions were also evaluated. The proposed method was applied to determine lead ions in various samples.
Highlights
Lead is one of the most commonly used elements in various industries
The cyclic voltammogram was used to determine the electrode behavior of lead ions in 0.1-M acetate buffer solutions with pH 6.0
The IPOE electrode was applied at a potential scan range of Analysis of the Presence of Lead Ions in a Waste Solution Using Infrared Photo Diode Electrode from -0.02 to -1.0 V
Summary
Lead is one of the most commonly used elements in various industries. It is present in batteries, gasoline, paint pigments, glass, electrical cable, and other products. Various instrumental techniques, such as HPLC, mass spectrophotometry, ICP, and other systems (Chau et a/., 1997; Lauralynn et a/., 2001; Kozelka et a/., 1997; Eric et a/., 1997; Robert et a/., 1999; Scarponi et a/., 1997; Kevin et a/., 1998) have been developed These modern techniques are widely used and have widespread applications for the detection of lead ions in various materials, such as blood, paint, food. Recent research studies have discovered electrochemical cyclic, stripping, and chrono systems, which can serve as simple, compact, fast, and inexpensive alternative techniques (Suw, 2008; Joseph et a/., 2001) for trace metal detection and organic bioassay As these systems depend on various types of working electrodes, conventional and specific electrodes have been investigated and developed in this study, such as mercury and its composition sensing electrode (Suw et a/., 2002; EIHefnawey et a/., 2004; Cristina et a/., 2001), graphite s.
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