Analysis of Land Value in the Area Surrounding the Central Business District (CBD) of Simpang Lima, Semarang City Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)

Examining Changes in the Value of Rural Land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impacts of Airbnb listings on land values in the Austin, Texas, USA area, particularly on single-family homes. The goal of the analysis is to shed light on how greatly and in what direction Airbnb is affecting the housing market, with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of its effects.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis in this paper is performed using three distinct models on a data set of land parcel data within Travis County: an ordinary least squares regression model, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) aimed at detecting the influence of variables at the census tract level, and a Bayesian approach, which describes spatial and temporal effects on the data.FindingsThe findings of the analysis indicate that across the years 2013 to 2019, higher numbers of Airbnb listings were associated with lower percentage increases in land value in certain tracts in the northern and eastern parts of the city. Additionally, the results of the Bayesian model indicated that much of the change in land value can be attributed to unobserved factors within census tracts.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study to the existing literature is its analysis of the spatial and temporal analysis of the effects of Airbnb listings on land value using a GWR and a Bayesian model. Also, as the negative correlation found in the study departs from previous research, this paper may provide policymakers insight into the complex spatial distribution and conflicting effects of Airbnb listings across distinct parts of cities.

Public open spaces play a key role in urban environments, providing recreational opportunities, enhancing the quality of life, and contributing to the overall attractiveness of a neighborhood. Newly developed public open spaces on surrounding land value changes are important for urban planning and development. Within the last 10 years period most open spaces developed in the Colombo suburban area and there are clear land value changes in those areas. Bellanwila-Atthidiya Waras Ganga open space is one of the most attracted open space in the Colombo suburbs and significantly surrounding land values are changed after the project. This research aims to examine the effect on land values in surrounding area due to this project and research devotes a quantitative approach, using GIS based geo statistical analysis. Land value data, including sales transactions and property assessments, will be collected from relevant government agencies and real estate databases. The collected land value data was used to create geospatial maps using ArcGIS 10.8 spatial interpolation. Various proximity factors and demographic characteristics affected to change land values in this area, also considered for this analysis. Study results indicates, there is a significant relationship between residential land value changes in the lands surrounding public open space and it is 7.2% impact on land value changes The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the relationship between public open spaces and land values in the Colombo suburban area. The results are useful for urban planners, policymakers, and real estate developers about the potential economic benefits associated with public open spaces.

Land one of the basic implication starting place community prosperity and societal standing community in the globe. Like in many other developing countries, due to the urbanization, infrastructure expands and results into the land use and values are change. The problem is even more critical in towns and cities of the country where there is high rate of population growth and expanding of infrastructure. The purpose of this review to assess the land use and value change.

Semarang City as one of the areas on the north coast has a serious problem related to tidal flooding. The impact of this disaster has implications for changes in land use, a decrease in environmental quality and health, the emergence of slum settlements, a decrease in income and also a decrease in land value. This study aims to map the impact of tidal flooding on changes in land values based on the Land Value Zone Map (ZNT) and map land prices based on spatial data analysis. The study was carried out through spatial analysis by overlaying (join intersection) the 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019 ZNT maps to determine changes in land value, while mapping land prices, especially in Mangunharjo Village, was based on land use maps, positive accessibility (road network) and negative accessibility (prone flood rob). The results of the study show that land which is permanently affected by tidal flooding and cannot be used anymore makes it a lost / destroyed land, while periodically inundated land has experienced a price decline in the range of Rp 100.000 – 200.000, -/m2. Meanwhile, the results of the study from the ZNT map for 2014 to 2019 show a very significant difference in price between zone 1 and a price increase of ± Rp 3.500.000; zone 2 price increase ± Rp 575.000, -, zone 3 at a price range of Rp 385.000, and zone 4 as the tidal flood prone zone only experienced an increase of Rp 250.000,-. In this context, the variable of tidal flooding vulnerability greatly affects the stagnation of land prices and even decreases in land prices, while the positive accessibility variable is the location of land on national and local roads that has experienced a very high price increase.

Summary With increasing opportunity costs of keeping land in forests because of increasing values for other land uses, such as for developed uses, forest ownership may become less attractive for some landowners and the return on investment less viable for both private and public landowners. This raises the question of what will become of the forests and the resources the forest supports, such as water and wildlife, if owners of the forests find it too costly to manage the forest. Land markets provide evidence on revealed behavior about what people are willing to actually pay for a bundle of rights necessary to gain access to land that can provide forest-based goods and services into perpetuity. However, owing to market failures and the nature of some forest land values, markets do not always reveal true forest land values, as discussed below. Allocation of land by use and cover types is a key determinant in sustainable forest management, with changes in land values providing important signals to land managers. Land valuation differs under market-oriented economies, emerging values in transition economies, and administered values in countries with command economies and is influenced by interactions between the environment and humans, including land ownership, use, and management.

Public investments in "mass transit systems" provide an equal right of accessibility economic and social opportunities for everyone. Concurrently, they generate an increase in land value both along the mass transit line and within the accessible area of the stations. This article focuses on the socio-economic and spatial effects of the increased land value resulting from the accessibility created by the mass transit system. By reviewing world wide case studies and practices, it examines these causal processes within the framework of the Critical Realism Method using the example of the Istanbul Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System. As a result of the Extensive Analysis, an analytical method of the Critical Realism Method, it was observed that the rate of land value increase in the Istanbul BRT System was 28% and the rate of land value increase at all stations along the line varied between 20% and 280%. In the Intensive Analysis, it was observed that the increase in land value at selected stations varied depending on the proximity of the station to Istanbul's Central Business District, new incoming land use types, plan changes made by the public, the presence of vacant lands that would enable land speculation, and the presence of large projects around the station. This article provides insights which explains that “the change in land value resulting from accessibility” does not cause the same magnitude of value increase at every station along the line and does not create the same socio-economic and spatial impact at every station. It presents an empirically tested study by comparing the accessibility created by the Istanbul BRT System before and after its implementation.

Genuk District is a district in Semarang City which is designated as an industrial area. The development of industrial estates can lead to increased urbanization. According to data from Central Agency on Statistics in 2020, the population in Genuk District has always increased from year to year. The increasing population causes the need for land to also increase. Land prices can also rise considering the need for land and factors from industrial development. On the other hand, Genuk District is prone to tidal flooding. The worst tidal floods in Genuk District occurred in Gebangsari, Genuk and Banjardowo Sub-District in the 2000s. Based on the problem, this research aims to map land prices temporally in 2014, 2019 and 2022 and analyze the distribution pattern of land value changes in Genuk District with the Local Moran’s I method. That method is used for analyze the pattern of land values in 2022 and the pattern of land price changes between 2019 and 2022. The method used in mapping land prices is based on a fair market land price approach and land valuation techniques using a mass valuation cost approach. The average land value zone in 2014 has a value of IDR 711,000 in 2019 has an average value of IDR 986,000 and in 2022 is IDR 1,599,000. According to the results of Local Moran’s I, the pattern land value change in 2019-2022 is different from the results of the land value pattern in 2022 for each category class. This shows that the high land value changes between 2019 to 2022 are not in the same location as the high land value in 2022.

The urban development generally will only be focused on certain areas as a center of business and government activities. This causes unbalanced situation at certain areas. The Government of Surabaya City then released Surabaya City’s Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD 2016-2021) which stated that the Surabaya City has a strategic area that has the potential to be developed sustainably to support the existence of the development of urban areas in the future. One of them is the integrated area of West Surabaya which located at Pakal and Benowo District. The changes of land value can be analyzed through Land Value Zone Map (ZNT) of 2016 as the beginning period of the RPJMD that has been overlaid with ZNT map of 2020 as the current land value condition and then visualized in thematic maps in the form of bar charts, choropleth and bivariate maps. From this study 66 new land value zones were produced according to land characteristics with the highest Average Indication Value (NIR) Zone in the RKB1 which is Rp 26.623.238/ m2 with range of NJOP Rp 23.000.000 - Rp 31.000.000.While the lowest zone is at KMP4 zone with NIR Rp 1.587.922/m2 and range of NJOP Rp 1.490.000 - Rp 1.655.000. Changes of land values in the districts of Pakal and Benowo as Integrated Areas of West Surabaya have increased significantly each year. The highest increase was in the RKB1 zone that located in Sememi Sub-district with 5537,724% of land value changes. While the lowest increase was in the KMP4 zone that located in Pakal Subdistricts with 50,5% of land value changes. Through buffering analysis of some publict fasilities objects in Pakal and Benowo Districts, it is known that the development carried out by the government of these objects affects the increase of land value around them.

Landslides are disasters that often occur in mountainous areas. According to Regional Disaster Management Agency Boyolali Regency from 2019-2021 there were recorded 25 landslides in Selo District. As a result, it has an impact on the loss of both lives and the economy. Indirectly impact on land prices in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the land values changes??in Selo District in landslide hazard areas. In this study, the land value is obtained based on a land price survey. The results are the land value of Selo District in 2022 can be divided into 113 zones with the highest price of IDR 1,150,240 in zone 1787 and the lowest price of IDR 37,013 in zone 1777. The land value at low landslide hazard has an average of IDR 709,970, the land value at medium landslide hazard has an average of IDR 317,089 and the land value at high landslide hazard has an average of IDR 111,160. By using linear regression obtained the correlation r=-0.880. Shows that if the landslide hazard increases, land prices will decrease. Keywords: Land Value Zone, Landslide Hazard, Land Value changes, Linear Regression, Selo District

This paper presents a study on the impacts of an inter-urban road development in the UK through a comprehensive investigation and clarification of the relationship between road-user benefits as a primary impact and changes in land values (CLVs) as a secondary impact. It seeks to offer a methodology aiming at coupling the conventional cost–benefit analysis (CBA) with aspects of economic impact analysis by avoiding double-counting of the results. The CBA model of an existing highway management tool was used to calculate road-user cost savings (RUCSs) of generated traffic, while CLVs were calculated over the same period using a statistical model newly developed for the purpose. A comparison of a 30-year time span was used to test similarities in trends of road-user benefits and CLVs. The main factors affecting the degree of similarity were found to be traffic and its prediction and, in particular, the traffic generated by the new road. It appears that over a 30-year period, a new road project has a positive effect on land values but a negative effect on RUCSs in the first years after construction. The latter increases for about 15 years and then follows a decreasing pattern in the last 10 years or so.

Abstract: Getasan District, located in Semarang Regency, is renowned for its natural beauty, particularly with the presence of Mount Merbabu and a rapidly growing number of nature-based tourist attractions. Kopeng Tourism, a legacy from the Dutch colonial era, serves as the main attraction with its scenic views at the foot of Mount Merbabu. Additionally, the emergence of new tourist spots such as Hutan Pinus Kayon, Gedong Pass, Umbul Songo Natural Tourism, Agrotourism Kopeng "Gunung Sari," Merbabu Park, and Boemisora reflects the rapid development of tourism in this region. This rapid growth in tourism has had a direct impact on the local economy and the potential for changes in land value. This study aims to analyze the influence of tourist attractions and accessibility on land value changes in Getasan District from 2017 to 2024, amidst the significant growth of tourism. The research employed a descriptive and quantitative approach to analyze the data comprehensively. Quantitative analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to evaluate the influence of proximity to tourist attractions and road accessibility on land value. The land value zone maps for 2017 and 2021 were obtained from the Semarang Regency Land Office, while the 2024 land value zone was created through the update of the 2021 zone. This update resulted in 130 zones with 688 sample points collected through field surveys based on fair market prices. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of straight-line distance from the zone centroid to tourist attractions and collector roads. The results showed that the p-value in the simultaneous test was 0.03647 (? 0.05), indicating that tourist attractions and accessibility have a simultaneous and significant influence on land value zone changes, with an impact size of 7.87%. These findings highlight the urgency of considering the rapidly developing tourism sector and accessibility in regional management and development, given their effect on land values in Getasan. Keywords: Getasan District, Kopeng Tourism, Land Value Zone

As a public policy, planning seeks to achieve politically defined policy objectives such as sustainable spatial development. To effectively attain these objectives, it is essential to consider the impact of planning decisions on land values. A comprehensive understanding of the connection between planning and land values is imperative for making well-informed choices regarding the management of land use and spatial development sustainably and responsibly. While instruments of planning law are intensively debated within the planning community, their implicit effects on land values are rarely considered. This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the crucial connection between planning-induced land value changes and value capture instruments in Switzerland. Our analysis shows significant value changes in the planning process. It connects these to redistributive instruments of the Swiss planning regime, which come into play to compensate for disproportionate planning-induced advantages or disadvantages of landowners. Due to the exceptionally significant change in value while zoning, which is present in Switzerland, there are remarkable redistributive instruments - both in terms of value increase (added value capture) and value decrease (compensation). Our study shows that knowledge of planning-related land value changes can help understand redistributive mechanisms, thereby contributing to best-practice debates.