Analysis of influencing factors of exercise systolic blood pressure response in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease aged 40–60 years

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives This study investigated the influencing factors of exercise systolic blood pressure response (ESBPR) by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people aged 40–60 years. Methods A total of 603 adults were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria of this cross-sectional study were adults who underwent health checks and CPX. Results There were significant differences in body mass Index (BMI) (26.80 ± 2.64 VS 23.31 ± 2.41, p < 0.001) kg/m2, fasting blood glucose (FPG) (5.56 ± 0.94 VS 5.13 ± 0.55, p < 0.001) mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.13 ± 0.22 VS 1.43 ± 0.33, p < 0.001) mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (3.21 ± 0.79 VS 2.99 ± 0.68, p = 0.001) mmol/L, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) (123.53 ± 14.73 VS 118.79 ± 14.79, p < 0.001) mmHg, resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (80.29 ± 9.62 VS 75.27 ± 10.41, p < 0.001) mmHg, peak SBP (184.01 ± 23.50 VS 172.81 ± 24.95, p < 0.001) mmHg, peak DBP (87.47 ± 10.50 VS 84.01 ± 11.46, p = 0.001) mmHg, oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) (0.88 ± 0.15 VS 0.92 ± 0.16, p = 0.004) ml/beat, exercise maximum heart rate, carbon dioxide Ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) (25.84 ± 4.43 VS 25.12 ± 3.58, p = 0.038), peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (1.78 ± 0.45 VS 1.56 ± 0.46, p < 0.001) mL/min between the NAFLD and control groups. VE/VCO2 (OR = 0.822, p = 0.036) and oxygen uptake/work rate (VO2/WR) (OR = 0.517, p = 0.021) mL/min/watt were associated with a lower risk of ESBPR in NAFLD subjects. Resting SBP was associated with a higher risk of ESBPR in NAFLD patients (OR = 1.059, p = 0.003) and overweight NAFLD subjects (OR = 1.075, p = 0.002). ESBPR (OR = 1.268, p = 0.045), skeletal-muscle mass (OR = 1.305, p < 0.001), and SMI (OR = 1.315, p < 0.001) were linked to an elevated risk of NAFLD in individuals. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ESBPR is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in individuals aged 40–60 years. Furthermore, in NAFLD subjects, VE/VCO2 and VO2/WR were found to be correlated with a decreased risk of ESBPR, whereas resting SBP was linked to an elevated risk of ESBPR. This will provide a research basis for the NAFLD subjects who have ESBPR at risk of adverse events during exercise.