Abstract
In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.
Highlights
Ethiopia is among the top fastest-growing economy in Sub Saharan Africa and, its economy mainly bases on the agriculture sector
Widening livelihood diversification choices and diversification of income source supplement the effort of food insecurity and poverty reduction in rural Ethiopia in pastoralist areas
This study aims to identify the factors influencing the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies among pastoralist and agro-pastoralists households in Malle District of South Omo zone, southern Ethiopia
Summary
Ethiopia is among the top fastest-growing economy in Sub Saharan Africa and, its economy mainly bases on the agriculture sector. It contributes about 34% of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and more than 70% of total employment opportunities, 70% of the raw material requirements for local manufacturing industries, and about 70% of total export [15, 22]. The contribution of the sector for poverty reduction and enhancement of food security is limited over the last years. Widening livelihood diversification choices and diversification of income source supplement the effort of food insecurity and poverty reduction in rural Ethiopia in pastoralist areas
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