Analysis of In Vitro Osteoblast Culture on Scaffolds for Future Bone Regeneration Purposes in Dentistry.

Sandra J Gutiérrez-Prieto,José M Diaz-Peraza,Sandra J Perdomo-Lara,Luis Gonzalo Sequeda-Castañeda

doi:10.1155/2019/5420752

Abstract

One of the main focuses of tissue engineering is to search for tridimensional scaffold materials, complying with nature's properties for tissue regeneration. Determining material biocompatibility is a fundamental step in considering its use. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze osteoblast cell adhesion and viability on different materials to determine which was more compatible for future bone regeneration. Tridimensional structures were fabricated with hydroxyapatite, collagen, and porous silica. The bovine bone was used as material control. Biocompatibility was determined by seeding primary osteoblasts on each tridimensional structure. Cellular morphology was assessed by SEM and viability through confocal microscopy. Osteoblast colonization was observed on all evaluated materials' surface, revealing they did not elicit osteoblast cytotoxicity. Analyses of four different materials studied with diverse compositions and characteristics showed that adhesiveness was best seen for HA and viability for collagen. In general, the results of this investigation suggest these materials can be used in combination, as scaffolds intended for bone regeneration in dental and medical fields.

Highlights

Bone regeneration has increasingly turned into a very promising field, with use of resorbable biomaterials in combination with cells [1]
Different cells can be cultured and seeded on natural or synthetic resorbable biomaterials used as scaffolds, which are placed on the site where regeneration is needed
Qualitative analysis for each diffractgram was based on reflections corresponding to the compounds identified from PDF-2 database of the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD)

Summary

Introduction

Bone regeneration has increasingly turned into a very promising field, with use of resorbable biomaterials in combination with cells [1]. Different cells can be cultured and seeded on natural or synthetic resorbable biomaterials used as scaffolds, which are placed on the site where regeneration is needed. Scaffolds act as templates mimicking the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM), where cells can interact and differentiate into their native phenotype. It is necessary for the scaffold to meet the following conditions: the scaffold must be biocompatible, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, easy to elaborate, and biodegradable. It must allow for proper cell survival and signaling. Ultimate scaffold properties mainly depend on the material’s nature, its processing, and other material specifications with which it will interact

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