Analysis of IL-1\u03b2, CXCL8, and TNF-\u03b1 levels in the crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis or healthy implants

Paweł Aleksandrowicz,Paulina Żelechowska,Elżbieta Kozłowska,Andrea Enrico Borgonovo,Justyna Agier,Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk

doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01478-3

Paweł Aleksandrowicz, Paulina Żelechowska + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01478-3

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Abstract

BackgroundOur study aimed to assess the level of IL-1β, CXCL8, and TNF-α in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) collected from patients with no clinical symptoms of mucositis or peri-implantitis and compare them with cytokine concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) acquired from patients with healthy periodontium and those with varying severity of periodontitis.MethodsA total of 189 subjects were included in the study, and GCF/PISF samples were checked for IL-1β, CXCL8, and TNF-α levels using an ELISA test.ResultsThe IL-1β level in PISF in patients with implants was significantly lower than in GCF in patients with mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. The CXCL8 level in PISF was considerably lower than in patients with moderate periodontitis. The TNF-α level in PISF in patients with implants was markedly higher compared to subjects with healthy periodontium or patients with mild periodontitis.ConclusionAnalysis of cytokine levels may help describe the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of peri-implantitis and prevision in high-risk patients.

Highlights

Our study aimed to assess the level of IL-1β, CXCL8, and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) collected from patients with no clinical symptoms of mucositis or peri-implantitis and compare them with cytokine concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) acquired from patients with healthy periodontium and those with varying severity of periodontitis
The control group of periodontally healthy patients consisted of 36 subjects (13 men and 23 women, aged 35 ± 8 years) with no clinical evidence of gingival inflammation, no radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss, no tooth loss due to periodontitis, pocket depth (PD) < 3 mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) 0–4.5 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP) < 10%; Group II consisted of 48 patients with mild periodontitis (18 men and 30 women, aged 38 ± 9 years) with PD 3–4 mm, CAL 0–4.5 mm, BOP > 10%, radiographic bone loss-coronal third < 15%, no tooth loss due to periodontitis
The results presented in these publications are inconclusive, so in this study, we decided to evaluate the levels of IL-1β, CXCL8, and TNF-α in PISF obtained from patients without clinical symptoms of mucositis or peri-implantitis and compared them with the levels of mediators in GCF obtained from patients with healthy periodontitis and with varying degrees of periodontitis

Summary

Introduction

Our study aimed to assess the level of IL-1β, CXCL8, and TNF-α in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) collected from patients with no clinical symptoms of mucositis or peri-implantitis and compare them with cytokine concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) acquired from patients with healthy periodontium and those with varying severity of periodontitis. The inflammatory process in regards to bacterial infection is mediated by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokines CXCL8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and neutrophil lysosomal enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes). Those mediators elicit tissue destruction and bone resorption by stimulating collagenase and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), which induces osteoclast differentiation [11, 12]. Despite investigative exertions to identify the levels of several cytokines in the PISF, the efficacy of these parameters to predict or contribute to the diagnosis of peri-implantitis is still undetermined

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