Analysis of hyperbolic crystals with non-square lattice for improving acoustic energy harvesting

Abstract

Abstract With the increase in the production of small and low-power electrical devices, there has been an increased focus on creating a useful power source to replace the battery. The energy contained in acoustic waves is one of the attractive energy sources for powering low-power devices. The design and fabrication of metamaterials is one of the effective methods of harvesting acoustic energy that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. As is presented in this article, the aim is to design and fabricate a novel metamaterial structure with optimal dimensions to improve acoustic energy harvesting in a specific frequency range using a piezoelectric patch. In this metamaterial, hyperbolic crystals with non-square lattice have been used for the first time. This analysis is simulated using the 3D version of Comsol software 6.0. In addition, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms were used to select the optimal parameters. The results showed that using the non-square lattice of the hyperbolic crystal, more average energy can be harvested in the frequency range of 3310-4325 Hz than in the metamaterial with the cylindrical crystal. Furthermore, the maximum amount of voltage and power extraction with an optimal electrical resistance of 10 kΩ in the metamaterial with the hyperbolic crystals at a frequency of 3374.71 Hz is equal to 27.26 mV and 74.33 nW, respectively, which is much larger compared to the metamaterial with the cylindrical crystals under the same mass and conditions. The simulation results are compared and validated with the experimental results by fabricating the present metamaterial and conducting laboratory tests.