Analysis of hydraulic system for seawater desalination plant through piping analysis program

Water scarcity is a global issue that has extreme effects on conflict zones in particular. Therefore, seawater desalination provided a practical solution to reduce the problem. The Gaza Strip suffers from potable water scarcity due to groundwater contamination and the deterioration of the coastal aquifers. Thereby, the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) had constructed three seawater desalination plants (SDP’s) in addition to purchasing potable water from the Israeli company (Mekorot). Due to the importance of the SDP’s, a flexible and comprehensive management system is required to ensure the sustainability of the performance. Thereby, this study aims to assess the potentiality of applying the Integrated Management System (IMS) in seawater desalination plants. This study used data collected from reports, questionnaires, and interviews, which is then analysed statistically, in order to identify the effects and barriers of applying the IMS in seawater desalination plants. The data also was used in SWOT analysis to formulate strategies for applying the IMS. The reports showed that the physicochemical water quality of samples from seawater desalination plants is compatible with PWA and WHO standards. The results from the questionnaire showed that there are positive impacts of applying the IMS on the performance of the desalination plants in terms of the financial, administrative, technical, environmental, and socio-economic aspects. However, the study identified 12 barriers which were analysed through SWOT analysis to formulate strategies to facilitate the implementation of the IMS. The highest priority and most applicable strategy is the formation of a partnership with the UN institutions to obtain international protection and facilitate the entry of the required materials.

In ultra-low temperature environment, the mechanical properties of bearing rotating in high speed change a lot, which has a great influence on the operation of machinery. To test the fatigue properties of air bearing, a hydraulic servo loading system for high-speed bearing in ultra-low temperature is designed and analyzed. According to the requirements of loading environment, this paper first designs a hydraulic servo loading system which could overcome the influence of high frequency disturbance. Then the components are selected with the related parameters in the hydraulic system calculated. Finally the simulation and analysis of the hydraulic system are carried out to verify the feasibility of the design by the AMESim software. All the research results above could provide reference for tests of aerospace high-speed bearing and designs of some other relevant hydraulic systems.

The identity and behavior of pollinators are among the main factors that determine the reproductive success and mating system of plants; however, few studies have directly evaluated the relationship between pollinators and the breeding system of the plants they pollinate. It is important to document this relationship because the global decline in pollinators may significantly affect the breeding systems of many animal-pollinated plants, particularly specialized systems. Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree that has chiropterophilic flowers and a variable breeding system throughout its distribution, ranging from fully self-incompatible, to a mixed system with different degrees of selfing. To determine if regional differences in pollinators may result in regional differences in the outcrossing rate of this species, we used systematic observations of pollinator behavior in two tropical life zones and high-resolution genetic analysis of the breeding system of populations from these two regions using microsatellites. We found a predominantly self-incompatible system in regions with high pollinator visitation, while in environments with low pollinator visitation rates, C. pentandra changed to a mixed mating system with high levels of self-pollination.

Fault diagnosis of downhole traction robot has characteristics of special mechanical structure, complicated working condition and lack of research data. In this paper, a method of fault analysis and diagnosis of tractor hydraulic system based on model is presented. The failure mode and mechanism of key components in telescopic hydraulic system are analyzed. The fault diagnosis of hydraulic system is proposed based on the mathematical model of hydraulic component. Based on AMESim, the fault model of hydraulic system is established, and the diagnosis of single fault and multi-fault are simulated, which can collect the fault data and the specific diagnosis process. To carry forward the engineering application, the simulated internal leakage system in cylinder is set up and schemes of fault diagnosis are carried out, which prove that the diagnosis is consistent with theoretical analysis and simulation. The research on fault analysis and diagnosis of the downhole traction robot hydraulic system not only lays theoretical basis for the tractor fault detection, but also provides guidance for the construction and implementation of the diagnostic system.

Hybrid systems in seawater desalination—practical design aspects, present status and development perspectives

Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis of a system is helpful in carrying out design modifications, if any, and it is required to achieve minimum failures or to increase mean time between failures (MTBF), and thus it is used to plan maintainability requirements, optimise reliability and maximum equipment availability. To this effect, this paper presents the application of RAM analysis in the process industry. Fuzzy Lambda–Tau methodology is used here to model the system behaviour. Each system components, failure rate and repair time are represented by triangular fuzzy numbers with known spread. The methodology uses Petri nets to model the system instead of fault tree because it allows efficient simultaneous generation of minimal cuts and path sets. Various reliability parameters such as MTBF, expected number of failures (ENOF), reliability, availability, etc. are calculated. The computed results are presented to plant personnel for their performance considerably by adopting and practicing suitable maintenance policies/strategies.

This paper deals with the Markov modeling and reliability analysis of urea synthesis system of a fertilizer plant. This system was modeled using Markov birth-death process with the assumption that the failure and repair rates of each subsystem follow exponential distribution. The first-order Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations are developed with the use of mnemonic rule and these equations are solved with Runga-Kutta fourth-order method. The long-run availability, reliability and mean time between failures are computed for various choices of failure and repair rates of subsystems of the system. The findings of the paper are discussed with the plant personnel to adopt and practice suitable maintenance policies/strate- gies to enhance the performance of the urea synthesis system of the fertilizer plant.

Seawater desalination by the reverse osmosis (RO) method is an energy‐saving system compared with the evaporating method, and can perform seawater desalination efficiently. Seawater RO desalination technology has been established and become a reliable system. Seawater desalination plants using RO technology have spread and the scale of the plants has increased significantly. More economical and efficient RO method seawater desalination systems have come to be required. A high recovery system, which offers reduction of plant construction cost and running cost was devised. Towards realization of this high recovery system, simulation and the field tests were done to confirm the practicality. Furthermore, a high recovery system was adopted for the biggest desalination plant in Japan, and it is performing favorably. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

In this paper, the operation of the raw water pumping system for a water treatment plant is redesigned to sequence pump operation and improve energy efficiency. Using field data for the pump system’s flow, power, and head pressure, the parameters for the new pump operation sequence are set. By defining the system operation to use the more efficient pumps to satisfy base load conditions, the system inefficiency is diminished. Secondly, field data analysis revealed a persistent overlapping of pump operation, where multiple pumps would operate at one moment only to cause an unnecessary increase in head pressure as required flow had already been achieved. The system analysis uses the total system flowrate as its control parameter. In the new system operation, the most efficient pump is loaded to its best efficiency point (BEP) then the remainder flowrate is given to the following pumps based on their efficiency. With an absence of pump curves, a variable speed drive (VSD) speed versus motor power relation can be made to predict, with a polynomial data fit, the motor power at calculated VSD speeds. With system operation sequenced by efficient motors and keeping head pressure near constant, a decrease in energy usage of 29.6% is demonstrated over the duration of the field data. The proposed system operation is shown to operate remainder flow rate pumps at partial loads below their minimum design flowrate, due to the need to keep total flowrate parameter constant. By highlighting these operation points below the minimum design flow rate, the flow rate must be increased to that minimum for the pump, thus proposed operation is simulated with a slightly increased average flow rate. The pump system is comprised of 4 centrifugal raw water pumps, one 200 HP and three 150 HP, with an average annual flowrate of 9,200 GPM. The raw water pumping system moves raw water from the federally managed water source to the treatment plant. The proposed system operation would be performed by a motor controller capable of managing at least four pumps at different sites as one pump is separated from the other three pumps. The specifications defined by the analysis in this study would be parameters for the controller programming along with the predicted performance after controller implementation. Analytical characteristics of such controllers are discussed along with their effect on the total pumping system. Finally, the economic impact and carbon emissions reduction of the proposed operational design are discussed.

Development of the most adequate pre-treatment for high capacity seawater desalination plants with open intake

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the technique for evaluating the performance of a condensate system of a coal-based thermal power plant situated in the northern part of India. The data which used for system availability evaluation are not precise and are uncertain and, further, collected from concerned power plant history sheets and from discussion through plant personnel. Design/methodology/approach In the proposed model, traditional Markov birth-death process using a probabilistic approach is used to analyze the performance of a complex repairable condensate system of power plant up to a desired degree of accuracy. This approach has been demonstrated by breaking the condensate system into six subsystems arranged in series with two feasible states, namely, working and failed, labeled in a transition diagram and modeled as a Markov process, using Chapman–Kolmogorov equations, which are used for development of a probabilistic stochastic model for availability analysis in a more effecting manner, considering some suitable assumptions. Findings This study of analysis of reliability and availability can help in increasing the plant production and performance. The analysis is done with the help of availability matrices, which are developed using different combinations of failures and repair rates of all subsystems. To achieve the goal of maximum power generation, it is required to run the various subsystem of the concerned system of plant, failure free for a long duration. Therefore, the present approach may be a more powerful analysis tool to access the performance of all subsystems of a condensate system in terms of availability level achieved in availability matrices. The results of present study are found to be highly beneficial to the plant management for making maintenance decisions. Originality/value The present paper suggests a suitable technique for stochastic modeling and availability evaluation of an industrial system using Markovian approach and drawing a transition diagram to represent the operational behavior of the system. The present methodology includes the advantage of the ability to model and develop a more complex industrial system and helps in improving the performance and handling the uncertainties and possibilities of an industrial system.

Stochastic analysis and maintenance planning of the ash handling system in the thermal power plant

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a double reheat system in an ultra-supercritical power plant

Structural response analysis of the confinement system of the Ignalina nuclear power plant

Reliability analysis of the feed water system in a thermal power plant