Analysis of human milk fatty acid composition and its correlation with diet pattern (A study in Tibetan population gathering area)

Abstract

The fatty acid (FA) composition in the milk of lactating Tibetan women and the consequences of dietary patterns were evaluated. Our results suggested that the milk contained high total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels compared to milk from other regions in China. However, the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are slightly lower. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and DHA intakes were below the recommended levels. No significant correlation appeared between the main n-3 FAs in human milk and intake frequency. Collectively, the main n-3 FAs in human milk, including DHA and EPA, may be influenced by carbohydrate intake. Additionally, the Tibetan maternal diet was primarily sufficient with Zanba and buttered tea, but insufficient for fatty fish, vegetables, and fruits, leading to high carbohydrate intake.